Subsequent to isolation and culture of UCA-PSCs, UCA-PSCs (GMP grade, from Clinical Center for Stem Cell Research of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, licensed by the National Institute for China Food and Drug Control) were injected into the ovaries of patients with hormone replacement treatment, which consisted of Premarin (0.625 mg/days on days 1 through 25) combined with Provera (10 mg/day for 10 days a month with monthly withdrawal bleeding).

Subsequent to isolation and culture of WJ-MSCs, WJ-MSCs (GMP grade, from Clinical Center for Stem Cell Research of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, licensed by the National Institute for China Food and Drug Control) were injected into the ovaries of patients with hormone replacement treatment, which consisted of Premarin (0.625 mg/days on days 1 through 25) combined with Provera (10 mg/day for 10 days a month with monthly withdrawal bleeding).

After vaginal sterilization, TVUS-guided transplantation was performed by the senior-level medical physician B Wang), using a SIEMENS ACUSON ANTANES premium edition system (SIEMENS AG Healthcae Sector, Erlangen, Germany), equipped with a 6-10 MHz probe. The solution (a total number of 2×10^7cells, 1×10^7 /400 μL for unilateral ovarian injection) was injected into the ovary by using 21G PTC needles (Hakko Medical Co, Japan) under TVUS guiance. Each patent received up to three transplantations.

Systolic/Diastolic blood pressure (S/D) value was monitored in bilateral ovaries by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound detector.

An antral follicle (or Graafian follicle) is an ovarian follicle during a certain latter stage of folliculogenesis. The antral follicle diameter in the ovaries were record using transvaginal ultrasound scan.

The blood flow spectrum in bilateral ovaries was monitored by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound detector, including pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI).