The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of 2-dimensional residual disease patterns determined by quantitative flow ratio (QFR) pullbacks after stent implantation.

Prognostic value of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) physiology assessment has been confirmed. The rationale for measuring post-PCI physiologic outcome is that it could implicate the residual risk of suboptimal stenting in addition to residual diffuse coronary artery disease after PCI Nevertheless, it should be noted that both post-PCI physiologic indices such as ,fractional flow reserve (FFR) and QFR, are measured at the distal of the interrogated vessel and reflect the cumulative residual disease burdens, defining the residual disease patterns might have additional role in exploring the underlying mechanisms for suboptimal post-PCI physiologic results, thus providing the opportunities for functional optimization with subsequent interventions accordingly to improve immediate functional results, long-term outcomes may be positively affected.

Concept of physiologic 2-dimensional disease patterns according to both physiologic distribution (predominant focal versus diffuse disease) and local severity (presence versus absence of major gradient) of coronary atherosclerosis before PCI was proposed and could be derived from virtual QFR pullback curve. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of the 2-dimensional residual disease patterns after PCI has not been studied yet.

The CHART-OPTIMIZE study aims to investigate the clinical implications of physiologic 2-dimensional residual disease patterns after stenting.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with at least one vessel with measurable post-PCI QFR
• PPG index can be calculated from virtual QFR pullback curve
• dQFR/ds can be calculated from virtual QFR pullback curve
• The patient is willing to comply with specified follow-up evaluations;
• Patients who agree to accept the follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Culprit vessels for ACS myocardial infarction;
• Pregnant or nursing patients and those who plan pregnancy in the period up to 1 year following index procedure;
• Patient has other medical illness (e.g., cancer, known malignancy, congestive heart failure, organ transplant recipient or candidate) or known history of substance abuse (alcohol, cocaine, heroin etc.) that may cause non-compliance with the protocol, confound the data interpretation or is associated with a limited life expectancy (i.e., less than 1 year);
• Patient has a known hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin, heparin, clopidogrel/ticlopidine, stainless steel alloy, cobalt chromium, rapamycin, styrene-butylenes-styrene or poly-lactic acid (PLA) polymer, and/or contrast sensitivity that cannot be adequately pre-medicated;
• Any significant medical condition which in the Investigator's opinion may interfere with the patient's optimal participation in the study;
• Currently participating in another investigational drug or device study or patient in inclusion in another investigational drug or device study during follow-up.

All vessels with measurable post-PCI QFR and with available post-PCI QFR virtual pullback curves were included