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The aim of this study is to answer the questions below;
Patients presenting to our outpatient clinic with radicular pain and MRI findings associated with radiculopathy will be tested for static and dynamic postural stability. Patient demographics, pain intensity, neuropathic pain scores, and level of disability will also be recorded. The demographic data and postural stability scores will also be collected for the control subjects. Differences between the patient and control groups in terms of postural stability parameters will be sought. In addition, the relationship between the variables representing balance in the patient group and the neuropathic pain score and disability will be investigated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radicular pain group | Patients presenting with lumbar radicular pain and MRI findings associated with radiculopathy |
| |
| Control group | Age- and sex-matched control subjects without pain. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biodex Balance System™ SD | Device | Postural stability index values (anteroposterior, mediolateral and overall) will be measured for static and dynamic conditions. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic Postural Stability | Postural Stability Test will be performed via Biodex Balance System. This test assesses the patient's ability to maintain the center position (zero point) on a moving balance platform. The test protocol is performed with the following parameters: Duration: 20 seconds, Stability Level: 8, and Stance: two legs. Patients will complete a 1-minute pre-test trial to get used to the device. Then the test will be performed with 3 trials. The patient's performance will be noted as the overall stability index. A high stability index value indicates poor balance and stability. | Once, at baseline |
| Static Postural Stability | Postural Stability Test will be performed via Biodex Balance System. This test assesses the patient's ability to maintain the center position (zero point) on a stable platform. The test protocol is performed with the following parameters: Duration: 20 seconds, Stability Level: Static, and Stance: both legs, alternating. Patients will complete a 1-minute pre-test trial to get used to the device. Then the test will be performed with 3 trials. The patient's performance will be noted as the overall stability index. A high stability index value indicates poor balance and stability. | Once, at baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neuropathic pain | It will be assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire. The PainDETECT questionnaire contains nine questions, all based on self-assessment. Seven items are rated on a six-point Likert scale, ranging from 0-5. These seven questions query some sensations such as burning, tingling or prickling, allodynia, numbness, etc. Apart from these seven items, one item assesses the radiation of pain and another item asks about the temporal characteristics of pain. A total score of 12 or less indicates neuropathic component is unlikely, 13-18 means a possible neuropathic component and 19 or greater means that a neuropathic component is likely. In addition, there are three items in a separate section that measure the severity of pain at the time of assessment, on average, and at most in the last month. This section is not included in the assessment. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients presenting to our outpatient clinic with radicular pain and MRI findings associated with radiculopathy and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bugra Ince, MD | Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Taciser Kaya, Professor | University of Health Sciences Izmır Faculty, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izmir Bozyaka Research and Training Hostpital | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11795726 | Background | Lin SI, Lin RM. Sensorimotor and balance function in older adults with lumbar nerve root compression. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Jan;(394):146-53. doi: 10.1097/00003086-200201000-00017. | |
| 32475097 | Background | Kim KH, Leem MJ, Yi TI, Kim JS, Yoon SY. Balance Ability in Low Back Pain Patients With Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Evaluated With Tetrax: A Matched Case-Control Study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2020 Jun;44(3):195-202. doi: 10.5535/arm.19101. Epub 2020 May 29. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009437 | Neuralgia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011795 | Surveys and Questionnaires |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
| D012149 | Restraint, Physical |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003625 | Data Collection |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
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| questionnaires and inventories | Other | questionnaires and inventories related to primary end secondary outcomes will be applied and physical examination will be performed. |
|
|
| Once, at baseline |
| Disability | It will be assessed using Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. This scale contains 6 domains of activity affected by back pain: bed/rest (items 1-3), sitting/standing (items 4-6), ambulation (items 7-9), movement (items 10-12), bending/stooping (items 13-16), and handling of large/heavy objects (items 17-20). For each item, a 6-point Likert scale (0-5) to indicate the level of difficulty is used, where 0 = "not difficult at all," 1 = "minimally difficult," 2 = "somewhat difficult," 3 = "fairly difficult," 4 = "very difficult," and 5 = "unable to do." The total score is calculated by adding up the scores of each items. Scores range from 0 (no disability) to 100 (maximal disability). | Once, at baseline |
| 23065907 | Background | Sipko T, Kuczynski M. Intensity of chronic pain modifies postural control in low back patients. Eur J Pain. 2013 Apr;17(4):612-20. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00226.x. |
| 27341640 | Background | Tsigkanos C, Gaskell L, Smirniotou A, Tsigkanos G. Static and dynamic balance deficiencies in chronic low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Nov 21;29(4):887-893. doi: 10.3233/BMR-160721. |
| 22948466 | Background | Brech GC, Andrusaitis SF, Vitale GF, Greve JM. Correlation of disability and pain with postural balance among women with chronic low back pain. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012 Aug;67(8):959-62. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(08)17. No abstract available. |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
| D032763 | Behavior Control |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D007103 | Immobilization |