Effect of Bevel Position of the Artery Needle on Puncture Pain and Post-puncture Bleeding Time

Effect of Bevel Position of the Artery Needle on Puncture Pain and Post-puncture Bleeding Time in Hemodialysis Patients

A patient with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment is cannulated 312 times a year on average. The patients cannot comply with dialysis treatment and the quality of life is decreased by pain when the fistula cannot be accessed with a single attempt. Sharp pain depends on the tear in the skin, the tissue where the sensitive nerve ends receptive to pain are located, and it is particularly important during AVF puncture. Also, punctures are accompanied by haemorrhages and frequent loss of blood.

The repeated puncture of the AVF leads to a considerable degree of pain, due to the calibre and length of the bevel of fistula needles. When the fistula needle is removed, the small punctures that occur in the entrance area are closed with a thrombus. As a result, scar tissue forms in the entrance area and the surrounding skin, which can lead to the development of stenosis and aneurysm. For this reason, the needle conical tip direction is important in terms of delaying the loss of tissue elasticity and prolonging the use of the intervention area. There are very few studies investigating the effect of the conical tip being up or down on the pain that develops during cannulation in the patient.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older
• On maintenance hemodialysis three times per week for four hours per session
• Receiving hemodialysis therapy for a least six moths at the time of the study
• Pain level of one or more measured by the Visual Analogue Scale during cannulation
• Able to communicate in Turkish
• Willing to participate to the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known to be difficult to enter the fistula (with more than one cannulation)
• History of hematoma or stenosis in fistula
• Having an infection in the fistula area
• Taking painkillers 3 hours before treatment