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The goal of this research is to establish a proof of concept for optimizing and evaluating a personalized SMS intervention based for individuals with chronic sleep problems.
Insomnia is a pervasive disorder affecting approximately 10-40% of the U.S. population in a given year. In addition, insomnia has been identified as a transdiagnostic symptom that cuts across numerous other psychological disorders. Interventions that target disordered sleep may attenuate symptomatic distress for a multitude of psychological disorders, making it a potentially potent intervention target with broad public health potential. Despite the ubiquity of the problem, only a fraction of individuals who could benefit actually receive the most effective intervention for insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Emerging research has pointed to the possibility of monitoring behavior and delivering personalized interventions to specific individuals via mobile devices. Personalized and adaptive interventions delivered via Short Message Service (SMS) provide a relatively simple solution to prompt individuals to engage in personalized interventions outside the context of opening or downloading a mobile mental health app. The content of text messages have the capacity to modulate behavior via prompts, motivational messages, and "nudges." By using brief, motivational messages based on evidence-based treatment for sleep (e.g. CBT-I), there is the potential to reduce dysfunctional sleep patterns at scale.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Intervention | Experimental | Participants (N=50) who endorse insomnia will be followed for 8 weeks. All participants will be asked to download a separate app to passively monitor sleep that will inform the personalized messages. Participants will also be asked to respond to daily prompts in order to validate the passive sleep data. The study includes two phases: (1) a training and validation phase and (2) an intervention phase. During phase 1, participants' sleep habits and other behaviors will be monitored for two weeks in order to validate and optimize the SMS personalized sleep intervention (PSI). In phase 2, participants will be transitioned to the intervention phase of the study. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMS Personalized Sleep Intervention | Behavioral | All participants will be enrolled in the intervention to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the SMS-PSI. After the data training and validation phase, participants will be provided with at least one and up to three daily text messages that offer users a specific strategy based on strategies from CBTi. All participants will have access to a "user dashboard", which is a web-app that includes personalized sleep-tracking information and the opportunity to customize their messaging. The person-level acceptability and adherence to the sleep strategies will be evaluated via self-report endorsement from daily diary and whether users added suggestions to their calendars. Both adherence and acceptability will be collected and integrated with the selection algorithm to optimize subsequent SMS suggestions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Insomnia Severity Index | Insomnia severity | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| System Usability Scale | Usability of the intervention | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| PROMIS: Sleep related impairment | Sleep-related functional impairment | 8 weeks |
| Flinders Fatigue Scale | Fatigue | 8 weeks |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chelsey R Wilks, PhD | Contact | (314) 516-5383 | chelseywilks@umsl.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Chelsey R Wilks, PhD | University of Missouri, St. Louis | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Missouri-St Louis | Recruiting | St Louis | Missouri | 63121 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19122760 | Background | Mai E, Buysse DJ. Insomnia: Prevalence, Impact, Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis, and Evaluation. Sleep Med Clin. 2008;3(2):167-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2008.02.001. No abstract available. | |
| 25030972 | Background | Dolsen EA, Asarnow LD, Harvey AG. Insomnia as a transdiagnostic process in psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Sep;16(9):471. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0471-y. |
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De-identified participant outcome data will be made available to other researchers upon approval of home institution ethics approval.
One year after data collection is complete
Approval from home institution internal review board
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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All participants will enroll in the intervention after a two week assessment phase.
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All participants will be enrolled in the intervention and all participants and study staff will be aware.
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|
| Patient Health questionnaire 8 item | Depression | 8 weeks |
| Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale | Emotion regulation | 8 weeks |
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| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |