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43 patients between 18-60 years presenting with criteria of sepsis (life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, suspected or documented infection and an acute increase ≥2 SOFA [Sequential Organ Failure Assessment] points) will be enrolled in our study. Approval of the ethical committee and informed written consent from first degree relatives will be issued. They will be given a full and detailed explanation of the intended study protocol and will be informed about the potential benefits of the development of a successful technique as well as the potential side-effects.
To compare the efficacy of non-invasive cardiometry and ultrasound (US) guided inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility when assessing the response of septic patients to fluid therapy guidelines of The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3); in the first six hours of ICU admission .
One of the newer non-invasive methods used to assess fluid status has been the IVC collapsibility index (IVC CI) - which has shown encouraging results as a guide to fluid therapy. Studies have shown that there is an increase in CVP and decrease in IVC collapsibility with fluid replacement, as well as that both are affected by changes in intrathoracic pressure and right heart dysfunction.
measurement of (IVC CI) is calculated by ultrasound through maximum IVC diameter - minimum IVC diameter divided by minimum diameter then multiplied by 100.
if it is less than 50% means that the patient is volume non- depleted while if it is more than 50% means the reverse.
The other recent non-invasive monitoring tool is electrical cardiometry. Its idea is based on electrical impedance. The variations in impedance are calculated using an algorithm that allows measurement of the CO as well as other key haemodynamic parameters including preload (Thoracic Fluid Index), afterload (systemic vascular resistance, SVR). This has helped provide a sound guide to each individual patient's response to fluid therapy and selection of the proper cardiovascular medications and support.
To compare the efficacy of non-invasive cardiometry and ultrasound (US) guided inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility when assessing the response of septic patients to fluid therapy guidelines of The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3); in the first six hours of ICU admission .
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-invasive cardiometry | Other | OSYPKA Medical ICONTM Noninvasive CardiometerTM Model C3 A technique for the non-invasive determination of SV, CO, cardiac index, stroke index and HR along with other hemodynamic parameters such as preload (Thoracic Fluid Index), afterload and others. The changes of impedance over time are integrated in a complex algorithm that allows to measure CO and the other above-mentioned parameters. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSYPKA Medical ICONTM Noninvasive CardiometerTM Model C3 | Device | Based on its precedent electrical impedance. 4 electrodes are placed on the patient: 2 on the left of the neck and the other 2 on the left lower chest . A low magnitude (2 mA), high frequency (30-100 KHz) alternating electrical current (AC) of constant amplitude is applied through the outer electrodes, and the resulting voltage is received by the inner electrodes. The ratio of the detected voltage to the applied current is the bio-impedance. The principle on which this is based is that during systole, red blood cells flow in a parallel manner, which allows the electrical current to flow easily thereby improving the electrical velocity and decreasing impedance. While during diastole, RBCs are randomly arranged, consequently hindering the electrical current (increased impedance) and decreasing electrical velocimetry. The changes of impedance over time are integrated in a complex algorithm that allows to measure CO and the other parameters. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Inferior vena cava collapsibility index | The ultrasound guided IVC collapsibility index will be correlated with to the cardiac index determined by the non-invasive cardiometry to determine which is more effective. | 6 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | beats per minute | 6 hours |
| Central Venous Pressure | mmHg | 6 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mohamed A Gaafar, MBBCh. MSc | National Cancer Institute - Cairo University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Cancer Institute | Cairo | 11796 | Egypt |
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| Fujifilm Sonosite M-Turbo C Ultrasound system | Device | A low-frequency phased array transducer (3.5-5 MHz) will be used to assess the IVC, which lies in the retroperitoneum, to the right of aorta. At or near the junction with the hepatic veins, we will measure the IVC diameter. To properly visualise the IVC, the probe will be inserted in the subxiphoid 4-chamber position with the probe marker oriented vertically to find the right ventricle and atrium. We will see the convergence of the IVC with the right atrium as the probe is progressively aimed towards the spine. We will then follow the IVC inferiorly, to detect the meeting of the hepatic veins with the IVC. M-mode Doppler sonography of the IVC will be used to graphically document the absolute size and dynamic changes in the calibre of the vessel during inspiration and expiration. After the visualisation of the IVC, we will freeze the US screen, and using the caliper function on the US machine, maximum and minimum diameters of the IVC will be documented. |
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| Mean Arterial Pressure | 100 mmHg | 6 hours |
| Urine Output | ml/kg/hour | 6 hours |
| Lactate clearance | mmol/L | 6 hours |
| Pro-calcitonin | ng/ml | 6 hours |
| Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index | percentage | 6 hours |
| Non-invasive cardiometry measurements (cardiac index) | l/min/m2 | 6 hours |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004487 | Edema |
| D018805 | Sepsis |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D016638 | Critical Illness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018746 | Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
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