Through open-label, single-center, randomised clinical trials, we intend to demonstrate that PD-1 treatment added to salvage surgery could further decrease the rate of disease progression and improve the survival outcome of patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with those treated with salvage surgery alone.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically confirmed recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2. The recurrence time is more than 6 months from the end of radiotherapy.
3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.
4. According to the TNM staging criteria of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (AJCC, 8th Edition, 2017), rT1, rT2, rT3, and rT4 patients who can be completely resected by surgery as assessed by the surgical team.
5. Resectable recurrent regional lymph node diseases (recurrent N1-3) without prevertebral fascia, cervical vertebrae, or common/internal carotid artery involvement.
6. Given written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has severe medical disorder, important organ dysfunction, and/or a substantial history of mental illness.
2. Has known subjects with other malignant tumors.
3. Has participated in other drug trials within 3 months of planned start of study treatment.
4. Received a systematic or local glucocorticoid therapy within 4 weeks of planned start of study treatment.
5. Suffered from diseases need long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, or required systematic or local glucocorticoid therapy with immunosuppressive doses.
6. Prior therapy with a PD-1, anti-PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) agent.
7. Has active autoimmune disease (e.g., uveitis, enteritis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, nephritis, vasculitis, hyperthyroidism, and asthma requiring bronchodilator therapy). Patients with skin disease that doesn't require systemic treatment (e.g., vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) will be allowed to enroll.
8. Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA copy number of ≥1000cps/ml or hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive.
9. Has received a live vaccine within 4 weeks of planned start of study treatment.
10. Pregnancy or breast feeding.
11. Cannot complete regular follow-up.
12. Local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with distant metastasis