The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant targeted therapy followed by surgery in participants with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for a high proportion of lung cancer cases. Targeted therapy improve the survival in these patients, but acquired drug resistance will inevitably occur. If tumor downstaging is achieved after targeted therapy, could surgical resection before drug resistance improve clinical benefits for patients with advanced NSCLC? Here, the investigators conducted a clinical trial showing that for patients with advanced driver gene mutant NSCLC who did not progress after targeted therapy, salvage surgery (SS) could improve progression-free survival (PFS).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pathological diagnosis of NSCLC with confirmed activation of driver gene mutation (EGFR mutant: exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R mutation; ALK-rearrangement) by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS);
• stage IIIB-IV according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system confirmed by pathological diagnosis and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and biopsy
• Written informed consent provided；
• Age 18-70 when signing the consent form, both male and female;
• The ECOG score is 0 or 1;
• Adequate hematological function, liver function and renal function;
• Female participants should not be pregnant or breast-feeding.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previously received systemic anti-tumor therapy for non-small cell lung cancer;
• Subjects who have received chest radiotherapy in the past;
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection;
• Any unstable systemic disease (including active infection, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction within the previous year, serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication, hepatic, renal, or metabolic disease);
• Pregnancy or breast-feeding women;
• Ingredients mixed with small cell lung cancer patients.