Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01DK111558 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) | NIH |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) warning labels increase consumers' knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB purchases and consumption. 216 racially and ethnically diverse parents of children 6-11 years old will be recruited to buy snacks and beverages for four weeks via an online store that ships participants their purchases. Participants will be randomized to either 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. The investigators hypothesize that sugar graphic warning labels displayed in an online store in weeks 2-4 will lead to the greatest reductions from week 1 across both primary outcomes compared to the control group that will only see calorie labels.
During this study, participants will shop in an online store created using Shopify for four weeks. In this within-participant design, the first week of shopping is baseline. Participants will then be randomized to different store interfaces for the remaining three weeks based on one of two warning label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. Participants will complete a brief survey at the start of the study to assess demographic information, information about parent and child beverage consumption, and their online shopping experiences. At the end they will complete another survey about their beverage consumption, their experience shopping in the store, whether they noticed and used the warning labels, and their ability to recall the warning label message. Participants will also be asked about their perceptions of a specific type of warning label in this final survey. Upon completion of the survey, participants will be shown a debriefing statement explaining the study purpose. After they read the information, they will be asked whether or not they consent to allow their data to be used in this study.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie label | Active Comparator | Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. |
|
| Sugar graphic warning label | Experimental | All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels | Behavioral | Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. | one week |
| Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. | three weeks |
| Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. | one week |
| Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. | three weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1 | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage within each condition | one week |
| Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4 | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage at any point during Weeks 2-4, within each condition |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christina A Roberto, PhD | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
In the consenting process, participants agreed that de-identified data produced from this project may be distributed for future research studies without additional informed consent. Any de-identified data shared will be done so via PennBox, a secure method to transfer files.
starting 6 months after publication
The PI will review requests to use de-identified study data.
Not provided
Of the 216 participants, 2 were pilot participants who helped us discover some necessary changes to study procedures. They were excluded from analysis along with 2 lost to follow-up, 1 who withdrew, and 22 participants who were not confirmed eligible with baseline measures, leaving 189 participants for analysis.
Participants were recruited online from October 2021 to November 2022.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Calorie Label | Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
| FG001 | Sugar Graphic Warning Label | All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels: Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Calorie Label | Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories/100mL | one week |
|
5 weeks
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Calorie Label | Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Laura Gibson | University of Pennsylvania | 215-898-7093 | gibla@pennmedicine.upenn.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Aug 24, 2021 | Jan 17, 2024 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Mar 7, 2022 | Mar 5, 2023 | ICF_000.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005518 | Food Preferences |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
This randomized, controlled online study will capture beverage and snack purchases from an online store. These products will be mailed to participants for each of the 4 shopping weeks. Participants' consumption will be measured at the beginning and end of the study. As this is a within-participant study, consumption for each arm will be compared to baseline for that participant (Week 1 shopping).
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Exposure to calorie information | Behavioral | Calories for all beverages and foods |
|
| three weeks |
| Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Logged snack calories/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. | one week |
| Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Logged average snack calories/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. | three weeks |
| Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. | one week |
| Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. | three weeks |
| Total Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Log of the summed beverage and snack calories purchased | one week |
| Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Log of the average summed beverage and snack calories purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 | three weeks |
| Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased | one week |
| Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 | three weeks |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. | baseline |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. | Week 4 |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. | baseline |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. | Week 4 |
| Noticing the Label | Participants will respond "yes," "no," or "I don't know" to the item: "When you selected a beverage to purchase in the store, did you notice any labels on the beverages other than calorie information?" | Week 4 |
| Perceived Label Influence | Participants will respond: "yes", "no," or "I did not notice any labels" in response to the question of whether the label influenced their purchase. | Week 4 |
| How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label | "How much do you trust the information on this label?". Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater trust in the label. | Week 4 |
| Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts | "If this government warning label were on a beverage, how much would it change your thoughts about the healthiness of that beverage for your child?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 5=A lot. Higher numbers indicate the label would be more likely to change perceptions of beverage healthiness. | Week 4 |
| Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child | "If you saw this government warning label on a beverage, would the label encourage you to serve your child that beverage less often?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Definitely no and 5=Definitely yes. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving unhealthy beverages less often. | Week 4 |
| Negative Reactions to the Label | Average negative emotional response to the label will be examined (said the warning label made them feel worried, fearful, guilty, or disgusted or grossed out). Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale averaging across the 4 negative emotions where 1=Not at all and 5=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate more negative reactions. | Week 4 |
| Child Enjoyment of Water | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Week 4 |
| Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Week 4 |
| Child Enjoyment of Soda | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Week 4 |
| Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Week 4 |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Water | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Week 4 |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Week 4 |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Soda | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Week 4 |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Week 4 |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Week 4 |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Week 4 |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Week 4 |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Week 4 |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Week 4 |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Week 4 |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Week 4 |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Week 4 |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Week 4 |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Week 4 |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Week 4 |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Week 4 |
| Ineligible based on baseline survey (eligible based on protocol: recruitment screener) |
|
| Ineligible because pilot participants. The protocol changed after running them. |
|
| BG001 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label |
All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels: Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Education level | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Number of children in household | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Number of adults in household | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Marital status | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Sugar Graphic Warning Label | All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels: Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods |
|
|
| Primary | Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories/100mL | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | g/100mL | one week |
|
|
|
| Primary | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | g/100mL | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1 | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage within each condition | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | one week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4 | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage at any point during Weeks 2-4, within each condition | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Logged snack calories/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories/100g | one week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Logged average snack calories/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories/100g | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | g/100g | one week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | g/100g | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Total Calories Purchased, Week 1 | Log of the summed beverage and snack calories purchased | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories | one week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Log of the average summed beverage and snack calories purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Logged calories | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | Summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Grams | one week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | Average summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Grams | three weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). | Posted | Median | Full Range | Ounces | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. | Posted | Median | Full Range | Ounces | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). | Posted | Median | Full Range | Ounces | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. | Posted | Median | Full Range | Ounces | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Noticing the Label | Participants will respond "yes," "no," or "I don't know" to the item: "When you selected a beverage to purchase in the store, did you notice any labels on the beverages other than calorie information?" | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data, and 1 person didn't answer this question. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Label Influence | Participants will respond: "yes", "no," or "I did not notice any labels" in response to the question of whether the label influenced their purchase. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And 1 person didn't answer this question. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label | "How much do you trust the information on this label?". Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater trust in the label. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And 3 more who didn't answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts | "If this government warning label were on a beverage, how much would it change your thoughts about the healthiness of that beverage for your child?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 5=A lot. Higher numbers indicate the label would be more likely to change perceptions of beverage healthiness. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Three more didn't answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child | "If you saw this government warning label on a beverage, would the label encourage you to serve your child that beverage less often?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Definitely no and 5=Definitely yes. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving unhealthy beverages less often. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. 3 additional didn't answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Negative Reactions to the Label | Average negative emotional response to the label will be examined (said the warning label made them feel worried, fearful, guilty, or disgusted or grossed out). Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale averaging across the 4 negative emotions where 1=Not at all and 5=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate more negative reactions. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Three additional participants didn't answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Child Enjoyment of Water | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Child Enjoyment of Soda | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink | "How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Likely to Serve or Buy Water | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Likely to Serve or Buy Soda | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks | "How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Median | Full Range | teaspoons | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Median | Full Range | teaspoons | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Median | Full Range | teaspoons | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Median | Full Range | teaspoons | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. | Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Week 4 |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 108 |
| 0 |
| 108 |
| 0 |
| 108 |
| EG001 | Sugar Graphic Warning Label | All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels: Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods | 0 | 108 | 0 | 108 | 0 | 108 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Don't know |
|
| I did not notice any labels |
|