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The purpose of this single-center randomized study is to investigate whether bronchoscopy training in an immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) environment will make the surgeon better at handling distractions and increase the quality of the bronchoscopy.
The participants will be stratified according to gender and randomized into two groups. Both groups will initially train on the bronchoscopy simulator without VR. Afterwards the intervention group will train in an iVR environment with Virtual Reality Goggles while using the bronchoscopy simulator, while the control group will train without VR goggles.
Afterwards both groups will be tested in the iVR environment in a test scenario
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| iVR | Experimental | The intervention group will train on a bronchoscopy simulator in an iVR environment with Virtual Reality Goggles (HTC IVE Pro Eye, HTC corporation, Taiwan) while using the bronchoscopy simulator. |
|
| Non iVR | No Intervention | The control group will train on a bronchoscopy simulator without VR goggles. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immersive Virtual Reality | Other | Training in an iVR environment with Virtual Reality Goggles while using the bronchoscopy simulator, while the control group will train without VR goggles. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Structured Progress | The systematic visualization and structured passage through the bronchial tree measured in points (0-18 points) | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Procedure time | Time (seconds) from passing the vocal cords to retraction of the endoscope. | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Bronchoscopy Skill Score | Objective and automatic composite score based on lower arm movement, measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit, and electromyography findings of hand and finger movement | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Diagnostic completeness |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Based on a self-report form
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lars Konge, Professor, MD, PHD | Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation | Study Chair |
| Flemming Bjerrum, MD, PhD | Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation | Study Director |
| Annarita G Andersen, BMed | Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation | Copenhagen | 2100 | Denmark |
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Randomization is performed online using SealedEnvelope™ (Sealed Envelope ltd, London, UK) before the start of the trial. The participants are stratified by sex (man/woman) as this has been seen to influence skills acquisition during the early part of in the learning curve
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The participants will not be blinded to the main investigator, as this is impossible due to the nature of the trial. The statistical analysis will be performed blinded and by someone other than the principal investigator.
|
The fraction in percent (%) of visited bronchial segments |
| From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Heart Rate Variability(LF/HF ratio) | The fraction between the low frequency and high frequency heart rate, measured as R-R intervals on an electrocardiogram for five minutes (17) Kubios HRV version 2.216 (Biosignal Analysis and Medical Group, Kuopio, Finland) | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Eye movement measurements | Gaze direction (vector) | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Eye movement measurements | Saccadic eye movements (gaze direction/time) | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |
| Eye movement measurements | Pupillary dilation (mm) | From beginning to end of each procedure, aprox. 30 minutes |