Low-carbohydrate Diet in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Low-carbohydrate Diet in Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Effects on Glycaemic Control and Islet Autoimmunity

The primary aim of this pilot study is to test whether low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) instituted in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can improve their disease control. The primary objective of the trial is the change in continuous glucose monitoring time in target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/l (TIR) in a 5-week period on LCD as opposed to a 5-week period on recommended carbohydrate diet (RCD).

Secondary objectives are:

Changes in immune parameters during the LCD period; Differences in fecal microbiome during the LCD period; Differences in fecal, serum and urine metabolome during the LCD period;

Inclusion Criteria:

• T1D diagnosed according to the ADA (American Diabetes Assocciation) criteria
• T1D duration for at least 1 year prior to the intervention
• continuous glucose monitor (CGM) worn > 70% time in the month prior to the intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

• last HbA1c < 40 or > 70 mmol/mol
• subject has celiac disease
• daily average carbohydrate intake < 130 g/day from 14 days food record prior to the intervention
• any concomitant disease possibly affecting glucose control
• any chronic medication possibly affecting glucose control