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This study aims to assess the immediate effects of action observation therapy on the cervical muscles' strength, pain intensity, tactile acuity and pain pressure threshold in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain.
This study is a randomized controlled trial with two arms: action observation group vs control group. The action observation group will be asked to watch videos of neck exercises with full attention and concentration and not perform any motion or execute any movement during the observation time. The control group will be asked to watch videos of a landscape.
Participants will be assessed at baseline and at post-intervention for muscle strength, pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and tactile acuity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Action-observation arm | Experimental | Participants will be asked to watch videos of neck exercises without performing any exercise. The intervention will take approximately 15 minutes. |
|
| Placebo intervention | Placebo Comparator | Participants will be asked to watch videos of landscapes. The intervention will take approximately 15 minutes. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action-observation therapy | Other | Action observation therapy involves the observation and perception of human movement performed by others. The observation of actions performed by others activates in the perceiver the same neural structures responsible for the actual execution of those same actions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure pain thresholds | Pressure pain thresholds are the minimum amount of pressure applied with an algometer that is perceived as being painful; is measured in Kgf | Baseline |
| Pressure pain thresholds | Pressure pain thresholds are the minimum amount of pressure applied with an algometer that is perceived as being painful; is measured in Kgf | Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | Measured with a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale | Baseline |
| Pain intensity | Measured with a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Catastrophizing | Measured with the Catastrophizing Scale (range 0-52 and higher values are indicative of higher pain catastrophizing) | Baseline |
| Disability | Measured using the Neck Disability Index (Range: 0 - 50 and higher values indicate higher disability) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anabela o Silva | School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro | Aveiro | Portugal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38114952 | Derived | Al Shrbaji T, Bou-Assaf M, Andias R, Silva AG. A single session of action observation therapy versus observing a natural landscape in adults with chronic neck pain - a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Dec 19;24(1):983. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-07070-w. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
| Placebo | Other | Participants will watch a natural landscape without any human. |
|
| Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Tactile acuity | Assessed as the ability of the participant to distinguish two points using a caliper and the measurement units is millimetres. | Baseline |
| Tactile acuity | Assessed as the ability of the participant to distinguish two points using a caliper and the measurement units is millimetres. | Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Neck flexors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the forehead of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Baseline |
| Neck flexors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the forehead of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Neck extensors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the posterior part of the head of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Baseline |
| Neck extensors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the posterior part of the head of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Neck lateral flexors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the lateral aspect of the head of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Baseline |
| Neck lateral flexors strength | A dynamometer will be used against the lateral aspect of the head of the participants to quantify the isometric strength and units of measurement will be Newtons. | Post-intervention (within the same session of the baseline assessment but approximately 30 minutes after that). |
| Baseline |
| Fear of movement | Measured with the TAMPA Scale of Kinesiophobia (range: 13-52 and higher values are indicative of higher levels of fear of movement) | Baseline |
| Fear-avoidance beliefs | Measured with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (range: 0-66 with higher scores indicating higher fear-avoidance beliefs) | Baseline |