Hot flashes are a common and debilitating symptom among prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Strong evidence from multiple rigorously designed studies indicated that venlafaxine provides partial relief, but the tolerability is poor when the dose is not tapered. Hence, an alternative therapy is needed. Previous studies reported that acupuncture may be helpful in the management of hot flashes. However, the insufficient randomized controlled trial limited the quality of evidence.

The number of men surviving after being diagnosed with prostate cancer has increased rapidly. According to population-based cancer registry data, 10-year survival has tripled in the past 40 years in the UK. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment and has been shown in randomized controlled trials to improve overall survival when used with radiation for intermediate- and high-risk localized disease, as well as locally advanced and node-positive disease, and after surgery for the node-positive disease. Although ADT can improve survival, it can also cause significant morbidity and a decrement in quality of life. One of the most bothersome side effects is hot flashes. They are experienced as sudden and transient episodes of heat and sweating, with possible co-occurring palpitations and anxiety, usually persist long-term. The prevalence estimated that 44-80% of patients undergoing ADT report hot flashes and up to 27% report this as the most troublesome adverse effect. Although hot flashes are not fatal morbidity, it may interfere with adherence to lifesaving therapies or ablative therapies that are used to prevent or treat cancer.

Currently, most intervention studies for hot flashes have evaluated treatments in breast cancer patients or women who are postmenopausal. Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, appears to be effective and safe in both breast cancer women and prostate cancer men with hot flashes. It has been recommended for practice in men with strong evidence from multiple rigorously designed studies. However, some prostate cancer patients cannot take venlafaxine because of side effects such as nausea, headache, dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, and constipation. Thus, an alternative therapy is needed. A systematic review identified six studies of acupuncture for hot flashes, of which none were randomized and placebo-controlled. Although acupuncture is a nonpharmacologic therapy and has been confirmed that could be helpful in the management of hot flashes among breast cancer survivors, there is no placebo acupuncture-controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy in men.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients aging from 18 to 75 years diagnosed with prostate cancer undergoing ADT;
• with an average of 3 or more hot flashes a day for at least 3 days before enrollment and no other clinically significant disease;
• not receiving any medications for hot flashes nor did they have a previous history of acupuncture treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• hormonal treatment other than GnRH analogue
• daily treatment with psychotropic drugs
• newly started or changed alternative medications with possible effects on flushes uncontrolled hypertension or metabolic disease
• inability to move/lie on the side, and treatment with anticoagulants or pacemaker.

The deidentified participant data will be shared after publication. Researchers can access the data with a specific purpose and a signed data access agreement.

With publication

For a specified purpose with a signed data access agreement

The principal investigator, study investigators, patients, study staff, and the statistician will be blinded to the treatment assignments among interventions. The acupuncturists cannot be blinded to verum acupuncture or the sham owing to the characteristics of acupuncture procedure. Patients allocated to both verum acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups will be asked to guess which type of acupuncture (verum acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or unclear) they had received after the end of last treatment.