This is a prospective randomized clinical trial, evaluating the effect of the intra-ureteral placement of the stent's distal end versus the conventional stent placement on the postoperative LUTS and pain.

Intravesical stent mass has been considered to cause stent-related symptoms, such as LUTS and pain. The current study hypothesized that the total intra-ureteral placement of the stent's distal end could decrease postoperative LUTS and pain. We proposed a prospective randomized trials, investigating the effect of intra-ureteral stent placement versus conventional stent placement. The primary end point was postoperative LUTS. The secondary end points were postoperative pain and quality of life. We used USSQ questionnaire as the assessing tool.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of unilateral ureteral stone
• Plan to undergo unilateral URS lithotripsy
• Adult patients (>18 years old)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pre-stented cases
• Distal ureteral stones
• Preoperative urinary tract infection
• With medications known to influence stent-related symptoms, including alpha-blockers, antimuscarinics, beta3-agonist
• Pregnancy
• Other procedures required during the procedure of lithotripsy
• A stent was expected to be indwelled for more than 10 days (ureteral stricture, ureteral tumors/polyps, ureteral trauma, and a large amount of stone fragments)

Patients were not informed the allocation until the stent was removed.