Early Detection of Treatment Failure in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients

A Prospective Observational Cohort Study for Early Detection of Treatment Failure in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Chemotherapy and Liver Resection With Curative Intent

In North America, colorectal cancer patients with resectable liver-restricted metastases (mCRC-LR) are treated with approximately 6 months of preoperative systemic multi-agent chemotherapy. Actuarial data however supports that approximately 20% of mCRC-LR patients can be cured without as much systemic chemotherapy. Prospective phase II-III trials also support that awaiting recurrence to initiate further metastases-targeted or systemic treatment may provide patients with longer overall survival while avoiding toxicities in those without recurrence.

The general objective of this single-centre, prospective observational cohort study in 100 mCRC-LR patients treated with curative intent along standard of care (SOC), is to obtain real-world data on administered therapies, selected complications, and oncological outcomes, while longitudinally collecting biospecimens to enable correlative research investigating early biological markers of treatment resistance and recurrence.

Cryopreservation of sequential blood derivatives, tumor tissue, and stool samples will allow investigation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), T-cell receptor repertoire, somatic cancer mutations, immune and other gene expression, gut microbiome, and soluble factors.

The first biological marker that will be investigated in correlative research will be longitudinal measurements of ctDNA targeting 30 oncogenes, 23 axons, and 146 hotspots (Follow It assay, Canexia Health). Additional biological markers will be defined in subsequent amendments to this protocol.

The results are expected to provide important insights for the design of future trials investigating ways to personalize therapy, such as to: a) avoid the unnecessary use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, b) avoid morbid hepatectomies in patients unlikely to benefit, c) test novel preoperative therapies in patients more likely to benefit, and d) modulate the intensity of follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female patients (≥18 years of age at the time of consent);
2. Stage IV colon or rectal adenocarcinoma with liver-restricted metastasis(es) for whom partial hepatectomy with curative intent is planned;
3. Instead of, or in addition to, partial hepatectomy, liver metastases may be ablated by needle radio frequency or microwave; in case of a solitary liver metastasis, three core-needle biopsies are provided for research at time of the procedure and prior to tissue destruction;
4. Patients may undergo planned two-stage partial hepatectomies;
5. Patients may have at baseline lung micro nodules or intra-abdominal enlarged nodes or nodules of unknown nature, not considered as extra-hepatic metastases in the opinion of the investigator;
6. Patients who are scheduled to receive FOLFOX-based pre-hepatectomy may receive any additional combined agents, such as and not limited to Irinotecan, anti-EGFR, and anti-VEGF drugs;
7. Patients are willing and able to provide serial blood samples, tumor and adjacent tissues, and stool samples for research;
8. The timing and specific treatments of the primary colon or rectal tumor is per SOC, at the discretion of the treating physician, including the use of pre-operative radiotherapy for rectal cancer;
9. Patients may receive post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy per SOC, at the discretion of the treating physician;
10. Patients must consent to the Exactis Personalized my Treatment registry.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients,
2. Hereditary colorectal cancer (e.g., familial colonic polyposis or Lynch syndrome), and
3. Presence of concurrent other cancer(s).