Despite recommendations by several health authorities, the rate of sustained exclusive breastfeeding for two months is less than fifty-five percent in Canada. The two most common reasons for early discontinuation are problems with milk supply and difficulty with technique. Antenatal hand expression (AHE) is a method used to assist with colostrum collection in low-risk pregnancies near term. This method has been shown to have several benefits, including increased milk supply at birth. This study aims to determine if the employment of antenatal hand expression in low-risk pregnancies near term affects the rate of sustained breastfeeding exclusively to two months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• inclusion to breastfeed
• no contraindications to vaginal delivery
• multiple gestation only if cleared for vaginal delivery

Exclusion Criteria:

• intention to formula feed
• antenatal hand expression training provided by staff outside of study protocol
• practiced antenatal hand expression prior to 36 weeks gestation
• breech presentation
• history of preterm labour, preterm birth or threatened preterm labour
• history of (or current) cervical insufficiency
• any contraindication to vaginal delivery (ie. placenta or vasa previa, classical uterine scar, etc.)
• intrauterine growth restriction
• antepartum hemorrhage
• any contraindication to breastfeeding (eg. HIV)
• multiple gestation requiring Cesarean delivery

Pregnant women in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan who intend to breastfeed. Prospective participants will be invited to enrol in this study if they meet inclusion criteria.