The primary objective is to assess overall sensitivity and specificity of Oncoguard™ Liver for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) detection in a surveillance population.

The study will include participants aged 18 years and older who are at increased risk for HCC, including individuals with liver cirrhosis or non-cirrhotic individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Be 18 years of age or older.

2. Understand the study procedures, be able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study, and have authorization for release of data, including personal health data and images, to the study Investigator, Sponsor, and regulatory authorities.

3. Present for surveillance imaging due to increased risk for HCC, including either:

   1. Diagnosis of cirrhosis based on at least one of the following:

      • Histology from a liver biopsy.
      • Ultrasound, CT, or MRI showing a cirrhotic liver combined with portal hypertension (as evidenced by the presence of intra-abdominal varices, or recanalized umbilical vein, or ascites or splenomegaly or thrombocytopenia [defined as Platelet count < 150,000]). The imaging results must have been obtained within 5 years of study enrollment.
      • Liver stiffness ≥4.71 kilopascal (kPa) by Magnetic Resonance (MR) elastography or ≥12.1 kPa by vibration controlled transient elastography.
      • Presence of varices on endoscopy or imaging and presence of a chronic liver disease. Endoscopy or imaging results must have been obtained within 5 years of study enrollment.

      OR

   2. Non-cirrhotic subjects with chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection (Hepatitis B surface antigen present for >6 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known cancer diagnosis (including active malignancy) within the past 5 years except for nonmelanoma skin cancer.

2. Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within 5 years prior to study enrollment.

3. Known Child-Pugh class C liver function at the time of enrollment, except for those on the waiting list for transplant.

4. Solid liver nodule >1 cm by ultrasound or elevated Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (>100 ng/mL) in 12 months preceding the qualifying surveillance imaging visit without subsequent documentation of HCC negative or LIRADS 1 (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System) by diagnostic CT/MRI.

5. Females known to be pregnant at the time of enrollment.

6. Illness that the Investigator believes poses a significant risk of mortality during the study period, including but not limited to

   1. Congestive heart failure with ejection fraction <50%
   2. Chronic lung disease requiring supplemental oxygen.
   3. History of recent stroke.

7. Sustained virologic response (SVR) for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) (undetectable HCV RNA 12 to 24 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy) for >10 years prior to enrollment.

8. Not able to have IV contrast for CT or MRI due to

   1. Allergy to IV contrast and unwilling or unable to receive IV contrast after pre-medication.
   2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate <35 mL/min and not on hemodialysis.

Subjects 18 years of age and older who are at an increased risk for HCC and for whom HCC surveillance is appropriate, including subjects with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic subjects with Hepatitis B.

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in publications of the study will be shared after deidentification. This may include test, tables, figures, and appendices. The study protocol, statistical analysis plan (when applicable), informed consent form (when applicable), and the clinical study report (when applicable) will also be shared

Data will be available from 2 years and ending 4 years after publication.

Proposals for access to data should be directed to clinicaltrials@exactsciences.com. To gain access, data requestors will need to provide a methodologically sound proposal and sign a data access agreement. Researchers are required to obtain necessary IRB/IEC approvals or waivers as applicable to conduct research.