The DO-HEALTH trial will be extended into the cohort including the collection on life style factors such as diet, quality of life and physical activity, as well as health-related data on co-morbid conditions as well as a standardized assessment of multiple organ functions, physical, cognitive and mental function using surveys and standardized health assessments.

The DO-HEALTH cohort will be a continuation of the trial without intervention and will elucidate longterm determinants of healthy, active and independent aging in European community-dwelling older adults. The main emphasize of the cohort will be to determine the risk factors, to quantify the incidence and to describe the trajectories of incident frailty, impaired mobility, loss of independence and age related morbidity (e.g. heart arrhythmia, type 2 diabetes, falls, fractures).

Additionally, the cohort will continue to investigate the primary endpoints of the original trial like the risk and incidence of injurious falls (bone); functional decline (muscle); high blood pressure (cardiovascular); cognitive decline (brain); and the rate of any infection (immunity). Moreover, the cohort will include and extend key secondary and exploratory endpoints of the original trial such as incidence and prevalence of anemia, sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Former participation in the DO-HEALTH clinical trial study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability or unwillingness to give written informed consent
• Medical condition that would make the results of the tests/assessments unreliable and/or would put too much burden to the participant, and/or leads to safety concerns.

The DO-HEALTH Cohort includes the population of the former DO-HEALTH clinical trial (NCT01745263)