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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012BAI24B01 | Other Grant/Funding Number | the Ministry of Science and Technology of PRC |
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The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of PFMT added to EA vs PFMT added sham EA for SUI in women.
We will perform a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial in four hospitals in China to compare the effectiveness of EA added to PFMT vs sham EA added to PFMT for women with SUI.
The participated women with SUI will be recruited from four participating hospitals or through community clinics by advertising. Participated hospitals include: Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shanghai, China); Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xi'an, China); First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin, China); and Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Nanjing, China).
Patients will be screened for eligibility. Chief complaint, medical history, and general characteristics (such as age, race, education level, body mass index, manner of child delivery, menopause) will be obtained. Those who met inclusion criteria and are interested in participating in the study will sign an informed consent form and then make another appointment to complete the baseline data collection, including the 72-hr bladder diary, 1-h pad test, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score, the weekly mean number of urine pads used). Participants will then be assigned randomly to either a PFMT (3 sets/day for 8 weeks) + EA (3 times per week for 8 weeks) group or a PFMT + sham EA group. The primary and secondary outcome will be measured from week 2 to 32. The participant-reported severity of UI and subjective self-evaluation of therapeutic effects will be recorded. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before they are included in the study. All clinical investigations will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electroacupuncture Added to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training | Experimental | Patients will be in a prone position. Bilateral Zhongliao (BL33) and Huiyangacupoint (BL35) will be identified and punctured by an acupuncturist. The electrodes will be placed on the needle handles, and stimulate for 30 minutes at 50 Hz with a current intensity between 1 to 5 mA. PFMT will be performed 3 sets a day (morning, around noon, and night). |
|
| Sham Electroacupuncture Added to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training | Experimental | The preparation for the patients will be the same as that for the patients who will receive EA. Whereas, instead of using real acupuncture needles, special designed placebo needles (size 0.30 × 25 mm) with the blunt-head will be used in the PFMT+sham EA group to penetrate the fixed pad to the skin surface but without skin penetration. The same procedure for deqi will be performed as in the PFMT+EA group. A special-designed cable (the intermediate wire of the cable is cut off but the appearance is normal) will be used to connect the electrodes to the electroacupuncture machine. Therefore, the electroacupuncture machine appears to work, but does not actually stimulated acupoints. The sham EA treatment will also be maintained for 30 minutes. PFMT will be performed 3 sets a day (morning, around noon, and night), |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electroacupuncture group | Device |
|
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of urine loss | The change of urine loss is measured by the 1-hour urine pad test. The 1-hour pad test will be performed as follows: 1) Empty the bladder and wear a preweighted pad. 2) Drink 500 ml of sodium-free liquid in 15 minutes; 3) walk for half hours, including going up and down stairs; 4) perform the following activity in the remaining 30 minutes: squat and stand up 10 times; cough hard 10 times; run in place for 1 minute; bend down to pick up a small object on the ground 5 times; wash hands for 1 minute with running water. 5) Weigh the pad again to calculate the urine leakage (1 gram equivalent to 1 ml of urine). | The evaluation will be performed when the participants are first distributed into the groups as a baseline, and then at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 of treatment. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The average 24-hour urinary incontinence episodes and reduction of more than 50% | The average 24-hour urinary incontinence episodes and reduction of more than 50% measured by a urinary diary. Reduction more than 50% in urine leakage at week 8 from baseline measured by the 1-hour pad test. | The average 24-hour urinary incontinence episodes and reduction of more than 50% at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 of treatment measured by a urinary diary. Reduction more than 50% in urine leakage at week 8 from baseline measured by the 1-hour pad test. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Women who are 40-75 years of age
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yuelai Chen, Doctor | Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine | Nanjing | Jiangsu | 210006 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19941278 | Background | Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798. | |
| 28321473 |
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| ID | Type | URL | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Participant Data Set | View IPD |
Data are available for the editorial office and other investigators following reasonable requests. A data use agreement needs to be signed. There may be handling and processing costs, depending on the complexity and scope of the request.
one year after the data are published
Data are available for the editorial office and other investigators following reasonable requests. A data use agreement needs to be signed.
| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Sep 27, 2021 | |
| Reset | Oct 25, 2021 | |
| Release | Nov 25, 2021 | |
| Reset | Jan 27, 2022 | |
| Release | Feb 19, 2022 | |
| Reset | Apr 20, 2022 | |
| Release | Apr 26, 2022 | |
| Reset | Jan 26, 2023 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 27, 2021 | Oct 25, 2021 | |||
| Nov 25, 2021 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014550 | Urinary Incontinence, Stress |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014549 | Urinary Incontinence |
| D014555 | Urination Disorders |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
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A central randomized system of clinical research (provided by the Clinical Evaluation Center of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) will be used for randomization. When eligible subjects are enrolled, randomized personnel from each center will log on to the central random online system to apply for a randomized number. Then the participants will be randomly assigned to PFMT+EA group or PFMT+sham EA group at a ratio of 1:1 to one of four hospitals. The following individuals in the trial will be blinded: 1) participants, this will be achieved by using sham EA procedure; (2) Evaluators, evaluation and record of measurements will be conducted by the evaluators who do not know the grouping situation; (3) Statisticians, group allocation will not be revealed until the statistical analyses are completed.
| Sham electroacupuncture group | Device |
|
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| Pelvic floor muscle training | Behavioral |
|
| The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) scores | The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) scores (range, 0 [best]-21[worst]), which is recommended by the International Consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) to evaluate the frequency and volume of urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life | The evaluation will be performed at baseline, weeks 4, 6, 8 of treatment, and weeks 20 and 32 of follow-up. |
| Participants using urine pads | The numbers of participants using urine pads and weekly mean pads usage measured by a urinary diary. | week 2-8, week 17-20, week 29-32 |
| severity of urinary incontinence | The participant-reported severity of urinary incontinence at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 of treatment (mild leaking, several drops; moderate leaking,wet through underwear; severe leaking, wet through trousers) | weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 |
| Subjective self-evaluation of therapeutic effects | 3 point scoring: totally unhelpful=0, minimally helpful=1, moderately helpful=2, very helpful=3 | week 2, week 4, week 6, week 8, week 20, week 32 |
| Incidence of adverse events | subcutaneous edema, fatigue, severe pain, palpitations, etc. | the 1-8 weeks |
| Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710003 | China |
| Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200437 | China |
| Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine | Tianjin | Tianjin Municipality | 300193 | China |
| Background |
| Minassian VA, Bazi T, Stewart WF. Clinical epidemiological insights into urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2017 May;28(5):687-696. doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3314-7. Epub 2017 Mar 20. |
| 29067433 | Background | Lukacz ES, Santiago-Lastra Y, Albo ME, Brubaker L. Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Review. JAMA. 2017 Oct 24;318(16):1592-1604. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.12137. |
| 18238969 | Background | Minassian VA, Stewart WF, Wood GC. Urinary incontinence in women: variation in prevalence estimates and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;111(2 Pt 1):324-31. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000267220.48987.17. |
| 28681849 | Background | Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul 6;3:17042. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.42. |
| 28977091 | Background | Oliveira M, Ferreira M, Azevedo MJ, Firmino-Machado J, Santos PC. Pelvic floor muscle training protocol for stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017 Jul;63(7):642-650. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.07.642. |
| 21684555 | Background | Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW. Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008. J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):589-93. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.114. |
| 19281467 | Background | Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Thompson CL, Milsom I, Irwin D, Kopp ZS, Chapple CR, Kaplan S, Tubaro A, Aiyer LP, Wein AJ. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. BJU Int. 2009 Aug;104(3):352-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08427.x. Epub 2009 Mar 5. |
| 17132698 | Background | Waetjen LE, Liao S, Johnson WO, Sampselle CM, Sternfield B, Harlow SD, Gold EB. Factors associated with prevalent and incident urinary incontinence in a cohort of midlife women: a longitudinal analysis of data: study of women's health across the nation. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb 1;165(3):309-18. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk018. Epub 2006 Nov 28. |
| 26670573 | Background | Komesu YM, Schrader RM, Ketai LH, Rogers RG, Dunivan GC. Epidemiology of mixed, stress, and urgency urinary incontinence in middle-aged/older women: the importance of incontinence history. Int Urogynecol J. 2016 May;27(5):763-72. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2888-1. Epub 2015 Dec 15. |
| 29398262 | Background | Nambiar AK, Bosch R, Cruz F, Lemack GE, Thiruchelvam N, Tubaro A, Bedretdinova DA, Ambuhl D, Farag F, Lombardo R, Schneider MP, Burkhard FC. EAU Guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence. Eur Urol. 2018 Apr;73(4):596-609. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.12.031. Epub 2018 Feb 3. |
| 18877152 | Background | KEGEL AH. Progressive resistance exercise in the functional restoration of the perineal muscles. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1948 Aug;56(2):238-48. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(48)90266-x. No abstract available. |
| 25222388 | Background | Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Sep 16;161(6):429-40. doi: 10.7326/M13-2410. |
| 30288727 | Background | Dumoulin C, Cacciari LP, Hay-Smith EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 4;10(10):CD005654. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub4. |
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| 3401657 | Background | Philp T, Shah PJ, Worth PH. Acupuncture in the treatment of bladder instability. Br J Urol. 1988 Jun;61(6):490-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1988.tb05086.x. |
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| 25710206 | Background | Langevin HM, Schnyer R, MacPherson H, Davis R, Harris RE, Napadow V, Wayne PM, Milley RJ, Lao L, Stener-Victorin E, Kong JT, Hammerschlag R; Executive Board of the Society for Acupuncture Research. Manual and electrical needle stimulation in acupuncture research: pitfalls and challenges of heterogeneity. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Mar;21(3):113-28. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0186. Epub 2015 Feb 24. |
| Background | Abrams P, Khoury S, Cardozo L, Wein A. Incontinence : 5th International Consultation on Incontinence, Paris, February 2012. 2013. |
| 23864884 | Background | Yang XY, Shi GX, Li QQ, Zhang ZH, Xu Q, Liu CZ. Characterization of deqi sensation and acupuncture effect. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:319734. doi: 10.1155/2013/319734. Epub 2013 Jun 20. |
| Jan 27, 2022 |
| Feb 19, 2022 | Apr 20, 2022 |
| Apr 26, 2022 | Jan 26, 2023 |
| D005261 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D059411 | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms |
| D020924 | Urological Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |