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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| International Islamic University, Islamabad | OTHER |
| Universitas Ahmad Dahlan | OTHER |
| Gadjah Mada University | OTHER |
| Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iraq |
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This is an observational study examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in seven low-and-middle income countries (Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somaliland, and Turkiye). The data was obtained on standardised measures of wellbeing (WHO Well-Being Index), psychological distress (Kessler 10), post-traumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), post-traumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), and a novel pandemic-related stress (COVID Psychosocial Impacts Scale). Data was collected employing either a unilingual (in native language) or bilingual online survey (with English as a second language) from participants (N=2574) aged 18 and above using a non-probability convenient sampling. The findings enabled us to examine the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19, validate the translations of the CPIS and standardized measures; and determine the trajectory of study variables with pandemic exposure.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Pakistan. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Urdu-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | ||
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Iraq. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Arabic-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | ||
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Türkiye. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Turkish) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | ||
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Iran. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a Bilingual (Persian-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | ||
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Malaysia. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Malay-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. | To explore the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-report measures of wellbeing (WHO-5), psychological distress (K10), post-traumatic stress (PCL-5), post-traumatic growth (PTGI), and pandemic-related stress (CPIS) in seven LMICs. The data will be collected employing a unilingual (Indonesia, Somaliland, Turkey) or bilingual (Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan) survey. With-in-subjects and between-subjects designs together with exploratory regression analyses will be employed to characterize this outcome. | Data was collected in a short-time window on each site. The time of data collection varies across site and was collected from Dec 2021 to Sep 2023. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Analyzing the psychometric properties of the translations of the newly developed CPIS and other standardized measures. | The findings will give psychometric information on the translations and suitability of use of the newly developed CPIS and other standardized questionnaires (K10, WHO-5, PCL-5, PTGI) in seven LMICs. The metric used to characterize this outcome involves reliability (internal consistency) and validity (construct) analyses. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The participants will be recruited from the general population using convenience sampling in each of the seven locations (Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somaliland, and Turkiye). The specific details (e.g., residents of a certain town) may vary from country to country and it will be outlined by the international collaborators in local ethics applications.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Caroline Bell, MD | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Sandila Tanveer, PhD | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Ruqayya Sulaiman-Hill, PhD | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Richard Porter, MRCPsych | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Study Director |
| Joseph Boden, PhD | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Ben Beaglehole, FRANZCP | University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Shaystah Dean, PhD | University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Philip Schluter, PhD | University of Canterbury, New Zealand | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Washington | Seattle | Washington | 98195-1525 | United States | ||
| Universitas Ahmad Dahlan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33645256 | Background | Bell C, Beaglehole B, Bell R, Tanveer S, Sulaiman-Hill R, Boden J, Porter R. Learning from previous disasters: Potential pitfalls of epidemiological psychosocial research in the COVID-19 environment. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021 Jul;55(7):646-649. doi: 10.1177/0004867421998783. Epub 2021 Mar 1. | |
| 34281926 | Background |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| World Health Organization (2021). Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During the COVID-19 Outbreak. | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| OTHER |
| Al-Mustansiriyah University | OTHER |
| Hasan Kalyoncu University | OTHER |
| University of Washington | OTHER |
| University of Malaya | OTHER |
| University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science | OTHER |
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| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Indonesia. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Indonesian) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of Covid-19 in Somaliland. | This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Somalia) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. |
| The time of data collection varies across site and was collected from Dec 2021 to Sep 2023. |
| Yogyakarta |
| Indonesia |
| Universitas Gadjah Mada | Yogyakarta | Indonesia |
| University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences | Tehran | Iran |
| Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | Baghdad | Iraq |
| Mustansiriyah University | Baghdad | Iraq |
| Universiti Malaya | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia |
| International Islamic University | Islamabad | 44000 | Pakistan |
| Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi | Gaziantep | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| Bell C, Williman J, Beaglehole B, Stanley J, Jenkins M, Gendall P, Rapsey C, Every-Palmer S. Challenges facing essential workers: a cross-sectional survey of the subjective mental health and well-being of New Zealand healthcare and 'other' essential workers during the COVID-19 lockdown. BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 19;11(7):e048107. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048107. |
| 25430912 | Background | Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ, Mulder RT. Perceptions of distress and positive consequences following exposure to a major disaster amongst a well-studied cohort. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;49(4):351-9. doi: 10.1177/0004867414560652. Epub 2014 Nov 27. |
| 33793672 | Background | Jenkins M, Hoek J, Jenkin G, Gendall P, Stanley J, Beaglehole B, Bell C, Rapsey C, Every-Palmer S. Silver linings of the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 1;16(4):e0249678. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249678. eCollection 2021. |
| 12578436 | Background | Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, Epstein JF, Gfroerer JC, Hiripi E, Howes MJ, Normand SL, Manderscheid RW, Walters EE, Zaslavsky AM. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;60(2):184-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184. |
| 28099764 | Background | Tedeschi RG, Cann A, Taku K, Senol-Durak E, Calhoun LG. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: A Revision Integrating Existential and Spiritual Change. J Trauma Stress. 2017 Feb;30(1):11-18. doi: 10.1002/jts.22155. Epub 2017 Jan 18. |
| 25831962 | Background | Topp CW, Ostergaard SD, Sondergaard S, Bech P. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(3):167-76. doi: 10.1159/000376585. Epub 2015 Mar 28. |
| 26606250 | Background | Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation. J Trauma Stress. 2015 Dec;28(6):489-98. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059. Epub 2015 Nov 25. |
| 37297593 | Background | Tanveer S, Schluter PJ, Beaglehole B, Porter RJ, Boden J, Sulaiman-Hill R, Scarf D, Dean S, Assad F, Hasnat MA, Bell C. The COVID Psychosocial Impacts Scale: A Reliable and Valid Tool to Examine the Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 May 29;20(11):5990. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20115990. |
| 37045574 | Result | Tanveer S, Schluter PJ, Porter RJ, Boden J, Beaglehole B, Sulaiman-Hill R, Dean S, Bell R, Al-Hussainni WN, Arshi M, Amer Nordin AS, Dinc M, Khan MJ, Khoshnami MS, Majid Al-Masoodi MA, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A, Noruzi S, Rahajeng A, Shaikh S, Tanveer N, Topcu F, Yapan S, Yunianto I, Zoellner LA, Bell C. Examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study protocol. BMJ Open. 2023 Apr 12;13(4):e067886. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067886. |
| 42301996 | Derived | Tanveer S, Schluter PJ, Porter RJ, Boden JM, Beaglehole B, Sulaiman-Hill R, Dean S, Al-Hussainni WN, Al-Masoodi MAM, Arshi M, Bentley JA, Dinc M, Feeny N, Ibrahim HJ, Ismail AM, Ismail AS, Khan MJ, Khoshnami MS, Kunle MA, Levine D, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A, Moratz A, Nordin ASA, Noruzi S, Ozturk S, Rahajeng A, Shaikh S, Tanveer N, Topcu F, Yunianto I, Zoellner LA, Bell C. Comparing the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in seven low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2026 Jun 16;6(6):e0005944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005944. eCollection 2026. |
| The Coronavirus Health Impact Survey (2019) | View source |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |