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The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM).The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities.
The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The negative emotions might affect residents' quality of life and even increase their mortality. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM). Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. Moreover, TM does not need any tools and can be conducted at any time and any place. It is very convenient and accessible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is going to examine the effects of tactile massage in improving older residents' mental health and physiological effect in LTCFs. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. LTCFs will be selected and contacted by researchers. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities. Data will be collected at baseline, after intervention using questionnaires including demographic and related information questionnaire, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness Scale version 3, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF).Chinese Happiness Inventory, comfort Visual Analogue Scale, Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale, and vital signs. Data analysis will be conducted by performing percentage, mean, t-test, chi-square, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) using SPSS 22.0 software. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied in this study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tactile massage | Experimental | Tactile massage 1 will receivetwo 15-min tactile massages (hand massage) per week for 4 weeks |
|
| comparison group | No Intervention | The comparison group will receive regular care and activities. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tactile massage | Other | Tactile massage will receive two 15-min tactile massages(hand massage) per week for 4weeks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3 | A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3 | A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness | after the completion of the intervention(T1) |
| Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF) | The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF) | The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. | after the completion of the intervention(T1) |
| Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) | The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chinese Happiness Inventory | A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Chinese Happiness Inventory |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pi-Hua Huang | Taipei Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suao Veterans Hospital | Tainan | Yilan | 27047 | Taiwan | ||
| Tung Jen Hospital |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30982141 | Background | Yucel SC, Arslan GG, Bagci H. Effects of Hand Massage and Therapeutic Touch on Comfort and Anxiety Living in a Nursing Home in Turkey: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Relig Health. 2020 Feb;59(1):351-364. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00813-x. | |
| 30836612 | Background | Nakano H, Kodama T, Ueda T, Mori I, Tani T, Murata S. Effect of Hand and Foot Massage Therapy on Psychological Factors and EEG Activity in Elderly People Requiring Long-Term Care: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Brain Sci. 2019 Mar 4;9(3):54. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9030054. |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 10, 2021 | Mar 22, 2023 | Prot_002.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Sep 10, 2021 | Mar 22, 2023 | SAP_003.pdf |
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| baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) | The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. | after the completion of the intervention(T1) |
| body temperature(BT) | body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C . | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| body temperature(BT) | body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C . | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| body temperature(BT) | body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C . | through study completion,week 2 (T2) |
| body temperature(BT) | body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C . | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| body temperature(BT) | body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C . | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
| blood pressure(BP) | Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| blood pressure(BP) | Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| blood pressure(BP) | Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg | through study completion,week 2 (T2) |
| blood pressure(BP) | Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| blood pressure(BP) | Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
| heart rate(HR) | measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| heart rate(HR) | measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| heart rate(HR) | measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. | through study completion,week 2 (T2) |
| heart rate(HR) | measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| heart rate(HR) | measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
| breathing rate(RR) | The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| breathing rate(RR) | The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| breathing rate(RR) | The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. | through study completion,week 2 (T2) |
| breathing rate(RR) | The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| breathing rate(RR) | The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy |
| after the completion of the intervention(T1) |
| comfort Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| comfort Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| comfort Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity | through study completion, week 2 (T2) |
| comfort Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| comfort Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
| Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity | through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1) |
| Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity | through study completion, week 2 (T2) |
| Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity | through study completion, week 3 (T3) |
| Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale | providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity | after the completion of the intervention(T4) |
| Taipei |
| 236 |
| Taiwan |
| 22450009 | Background | Kunikata H, Watanabe K, Miyoshi M, Tanioka T. The effects measurement of hand massage by the autonomic activity and psychological indicators. J Med Invest. 2012;59(1-2):206-12. doi: 10.2152/jmi.59.206. |
| 26875503 | Background | McFeeters S, Pront L, Cuthbertson L, King L. Massage, a complementary therapy effectively promoting the health and well-being of older people in residential care settings: a review of the literature. Int J Older People Nurs. 2016 Dec;11(4):266-283. doi: 10.1111/opn.12115. Epub 2016 Feb 15. |
| 21131675 | Result | Suzuki M, Tatsumi A, Otsuka T, Kikuchi K, Mizuta A, Makino K, Kimoto A, Fujiwara K, Abe T, Nakagomi T, Hayashi T, Saruhara T. Physical and psychological effects of 6-week tactile massage on elderly patients with severe dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2010 Dec;25(8):680-6. doi: 10.1177/1533317510386215. |
| 39312625 | Derived | Huang PH, Chien WP, Lin YC, Chung MH, Lin PC, Lin YK, Chuang YH. Effects of Tactile Massage in Improving Older Residents' Psychological Health in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Older People Nurs. 2024 Sep;19(5):e12652. doi: 10.1111/opn.12652. |