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Teachers in Hong Kong are susceptible to professional stress and its associated psychosomatic illnesses. To enhance teachers' well-being, mindfulness training is conducted in local schools. The present study is a randomized controlled trial to explore 1) the relationship between mindfulness, common humanity, self-compassion, compassion, and well-being of school teachers; 2) whether mindfulness and common humanity are the antecedents of self-compassion and compassion; 3) the conditions under which compassion and self-compassion are highly correlated. Participants will be randomized to either intervention (8-week .b Foundations course) or waiting-list control condition. They will complete an online survey before (baseline), after (post-intervention), and two-months (follow-up) after the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | 8-week .b Foundations course |
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| Wait-list control | No Intervention | Participants in wait-list control group will receive the same intervention, two months after their counterparts in experimental group completed the intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-week mindfulness program | Behavioral | The .b Foundations course is an 8-week mindfulness program developed by Mindfulness in Schools Project (MiSP) for school teachers and personnel. It includes a taster session and 8 weekly sessions. Each session lasts for 1.5 hours with a specific theme (e.g. Lesson 1 waking up from autopilot). Formal and informal mindfulness practices (e.g. mindful eating, body scan, mindful walking, habit releaser etc.), psychoeducation, cognitive exercises, inquiry, and home practice are involved. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in General Health | General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), 12 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Stress | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 10 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Positive affect | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), 4 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Negative affect |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jockey Club "Peace and Awareness" Mindfulness Culture in Schools Initiative, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
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Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), 4 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always)
| Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Compassion | Compassion scale, 6 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Self-compassion | Self-compassion scale, 6 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Common humanity | Common Humanity scale, 10 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |
| Change in Mindfulness | Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), 12 items, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) | Baseline, Immediately after intervention, Two-months after intervention |