The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is utilizing in multiple specialties widely. Early tracheal extubation is one of the components of ERAS that enhances postoperative recovery and reduces the length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU).Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective, shorter-acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that has both analgesic and sedativeeffects.It was associated with decreased mortality, time to extubation, and hospital length of stay in cardiac surgical patients according to previous studies.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery(MICS) who were early extubated after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergone minimal invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valvular surgery or combined procedures at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan between January 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020.
• Age above 20 y/o

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency surgery
• Postoperative mechanical ventilation more than 6 hours
• Extubated in the operating room

Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had undergone minimal invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valvular surgery or combined procedures at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan between January 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020. Additionally patients were included if they were aged 20 years or older and were excluded if it was emergency surgery, if they had postoperative mechanical ventilation more than 6 hours or if they were extubated in the operating room.