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The primary objective is to assess the impact of two nutritional interventions vs. placebo on objective and subjective sleep measures in athletes. Participants receive one beverage on each of three consecutive nights in a randomized manner. It is hypothesized the two nutritional interventions will result in significant improvements in sleep onset latency, and will not result in a negative impact on next-day cycling performance.
The secondary objective is to assess the impact of the nutritional interventions vs. placebo on next-morning performance (physical, cognitive function, and balance).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo beverage | Placebo Comparator |
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| Higher tryptophan beverage | Experimental |
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| Lower tryptophan beverage | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trypophan, Theanine and 5'AMP | Other | 250 ml beverage consumed at 21:00 hours |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total Sleep Time (TST) | Measured in minutes during polysomnography. Longer is better. | Time from sleep onset to 8:00 a.m. |
| Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) | Occurrences measured in minutes during polysomnography. None or less are better. | From sleep onset till 8:00 a.m. |
| Sleep Efficiency (SE) | Measured as a % of time asleep over time in bed during polysomnography. Higher efficiency is better | From sleep onset to 8:00 a.m. |
| Sleep Onset Latency (SOL) | Measured in minutes during polysomnography. Shorter time to onset is better. | Transition from wakefulness to sleep |
| Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Latency | Measured in minutes during polysomnography. Shorter time to REM is better. | From sleep onset to REM sleep |
| Sleep stage 3 Latency | Measured in minutes during polysomnography. Shorter time to stage 3 deep sleep is better. | From sleep onset to deep sleep |
| Sleep stage 1, 2, 3 AND REM | Measured in minutes during polysomnography. Normal stage pattern is better. | Measured continuously throughout the night from sleep onset to 8 a.m. |
| Arousals |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise performance: power output | Cycle ergometer to measure power output in watts, with instructions to give maximal effort. Higher watts are better. | During a 10 minute time trial cycling exercise performance testing at 9:30 a.m. |
| Exercise performance: perceived exertion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Biological males due to the influence that menstrual cycle may have on sleep and the study aims to investigate previous findings involving male only participants
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shona Halson, PhD | Appleton Institute CQUniversity, School of Medical, Health, and Applied Sciences, Adelaide Campus and Australian Catholic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appleton Institute CQUniversity, School of Medical, Health, and Applied Sciences, Adelaide Campus | Wayville | South Australia | 5034 | Australia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C026166 | theanine |
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| Placebo | Other | 250 ml beverage consumed at 21:00 hours, matched in appearance and taste to the active beverages |
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Measured as a count during polysomnography. Less arousals are better. |
| From sleep onset to 8 a.m. |
| Awakenings | Measured as a count during polysomnography. Less awakenings are better. | From sleep onset to 8 a.m. |
| Stage shifts | Measured as a count during polysomnography. Normal amount of stage shifts are better. | From sleep onset to 8 a.m. |
| Subjective Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) | Subjective arousal level at present state rated 1 (extremely alert) to 9 (Very sleepy, great effort to keep awake). Sleepiness before bed is better. | Every thirty minutes from 20:00 p.m. until 22:30 p.m. |
| (Subjective) Perceived Sleep Quality | Rated from 1 (very good) to 5 (poor). Lower number is better. | 08:30 a.m. following polysomnography |
| (Subjective) Sleep Quantity | Measured in hours and minutes. Higher number is better. | 08:30 a.m. following polysomnography |
| (Subjective) Sleep Onset Latency | Measured in hours and minutes. Lower number is better. | 08:30 a.m. following polysomnography |
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on a scale of 6 (lower) to 20 (higher) intensity levels. |
| During a 10 minute time trial cycling exercise performance testing at 9:30 a.m. |
| Exercise performance: heart rate | Measured in beats per minute (bpm) by heart rate monitor | During a 10 minute time trial cycling exercise performance testing at 9:30 a.m. |
| Cognitive performance: sustained attention | Psychomotor vigilance reaction time task (PVT-192) handheld ambulatory monitoring | 10 minute testing period at 9 a.m. Higher performance is better. |
| Subjective alertness | Rated on visual analog scale from 0 (feeling not at all alert) to 100 (feeling completely alert). Feeling more alert is better. | 9 a.m. before cognitive performance attention testing. |
| Subjective self-perceived capacity to be fast on cognitive test | Rated on visual analog scale from 0 (expecting to not respond fast at all) to 100 (expecting to respond very fast). Better or worse not applicable. | 9 a.m. before cognitive performance attention testing |
| Subjective self-perceived capacity to be accurate on cognitive test | Rated on visual analog scale from 0 (expecting to not respond accurately at all) to 100 (expecting to respond very accurately). Better or worse not applicable. | 9 a.m. before cognitive performance attention testing |
| Balance | Postural sway area 95cm/2 measured by computerized force platform. Less sway is better. | 9 a.m. before cognitive performance attention testing. |