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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3UM1AI148576-02S5 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | NIH |
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This is an observational, non-interventional, prospective cohort study designed to collect clinical information and specimens to evaluate the immune responses from pregnant individuals and postpartum individuals and their infants following maternal receipt of licensed or Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines.
SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has continued to spread globally. SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible between humans. A number of public health measures, including social distancing, avoidance of large congregations, particularly indoors, and the wearing of face masks, have been introduced to prevent spread of the virus. However, once these measures are relaxed, unless population immunity exceeds herd immunity thresholds, recrudescence of SARS-CoV-2 is expected. This underscores the urgent need for a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
While all vaccines in late-stage development are based on the SARS-CoV- 2 S glycoprotein, they differ in other important characteristics, including manufacturing platform, number of doses, and immunogenicity and safety profiles. Two messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (NIAID-Moderna) were granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the U.S. FDA based on high demonstrated efficacy against symptomatic infection and severe disease in diverse populations. Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) was also granted EUA for their single dose nonreplicating adenovirus vector vaccine. None of these large vaccine trials enrolled pregnant or lactating women (except for a small number of lactating women who were enrolled in the Janssen study).
The mRNA vaccines are being distributed to prioritized population groups, and other vaccines are expected to follow as they receive EUA approval. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) gave a permissive recommendation for pregnant individuals who are in a priority group to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on risk of exposure or comorbidities. In addition, some states have included pregnant individuals in priority groups based on pregnancy itself being considered a high-risk condition by CDC. Thus, pregnant individuals are choosing to receive these vaccines under EUA, without trial data on safety and efficacy. There are neither data on the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in lactating women nor on the effects of mRNA or other vaccines on the breastfed infant or on milk production/excretion. Current EUA vaccines are not thought to be a risk to the breastfeeding infant.
Currently, additional doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being considered to enhance durability and breadth of protection, particularly against variant strains. On August 25, 2021, Pfizer submitted a supplement to their Biologics License Application (BLA) for their mRNA vaccine seeking approval for administration of an additional dose, and other manufacturers are expected to follow. In the setting of this rapidly evolving regulatory and policy environment, it is important that data on kinetics and durability of maternal and infant antibodies be generated for all vaccine regimens, including any additional doses beyond the primary series that may be administered to pregnant women.
Vaccines for pregnant individuals, such as influenza, tetanus and pertussis vaccines, are one of the most important public health measures globally to reduce disease in both mothers and infants in the first months of life. Various organizations support the position that pregnant and lactating women are a priority population and must not be excluded from the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine allocation strategy.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of various licensed or EUA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines administered to pregnant or lactating women and describe the transplacental antibody transfer and kinetics of antibodies in infants. The researchers will also evaluate the durability of the antibodies in mothers and infants and assess breast milk antibodies in lactating women. The researchers will evaluate breast milk antibodies to assess potential for protection against COVID-19 in breastfed infants, similar to influenza vaccine protection from influenza illness in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy or postpartum. The researchers anticipate including up to 3 vaccines, whether given as part of the primary series or additional doses, as part of this non-interventional study. It is expected that the results of this study will inform policy recommendations and personal decision-making on the use of approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pregnant and lactating individuals.
This is an observational, non-interventional, prospective cohort study designed to collect clinical information and specimens to evaluate the immune responses from approximately 2,000 study participants following maternal receipt of licensed or EUA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Participants receiving a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine either during pregnancy or within 2 months of delivery, and their infants, will be followed for 12 months after delivery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1: Individuals vaccinated during pregnancy | Individuals who receive a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine during pregnancy (up to 200 individuals per vaccine type) |
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| Group 2: Individuals vaccinated postpartum | Individuals who receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine postpartum (up to 65 individuals per vaccine type) |
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| Group 3: Infants of individuals vaccinated during pregnancy | Infants of individuals who receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy (approximately 200 infants per vaccine type) |
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| Group 4: Infants of individuals vaccinated postpartum | Infants of individuals who receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine postpartum (approximately 65 infants per vaccine type) |
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| Group 5: Individuals receiving additional vaccines during pregnancy | Individuals who receive additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(s), beyond the primary series, during pregnancy (up to 200 individuals). |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Licensed or EUA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Biological | Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines utilizing different platforms (e.g., mRNA, viral vector, etc.), are available under EUA (and soon to be licensed) and are being administered to individuals who are pregnant or postpartum who belong to high-risk priority groups for vaccination. Participants will receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine of their choice or the type that is available to them. The researchers anticipate including up to 3 vaccines, whether given as part of the primary series or additional doses, as part of this non-interventional study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) of Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Among Individuals Vaccinated During Pregnancy | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by vaccine type and/or platform (mRNA, viral vector, etc.). | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, at delivery, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| Change in GMT of Neutralizing (Neut) Antibodies in Serum Among Individuals Vaccinated During Pregnancy | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, at delivery, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| GMT of Cord Blood IgG | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in cord blood, overall and by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | At delivery |
| Ratio of Cord Blood IgG to Maternal Serum IgG | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood IgG to maternal serum IgG, overall and by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | At delivery |
| Neut antibodies of cord blood | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies in cord blood, overall and by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | At delivery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Frequency of Maternal Outcomes | The frequency of maternal outcomes among individuals receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy or postpartum will be compared to background rates in the United States, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| Frequency of Infant Outcomes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of COVID-19 Infection Among Pregnant Individuals | The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and postpartum will be assessed as the incidence of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 illness during study participation assessed through passive surveillance in individuals vaccinated during pregnancy or postpartum compared to rates in unvaccinated women of childbearing age, overall and by vaccine type and platform. |
Inclusion Criteria for Pregnancy Group (Group 1):
Inclusion Criteria for Postpartum Group (Group 3):
Inclusion Criteria for Additional Dose(s) During Pregnancy Group (Group 5):
Inclusion Criteria for All Participants:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Pregnant individuals and postpartum individuals (within 2 months of delivery) who will be or have been vaccinated with a licensed or EUA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and their infants will be enrolled. Individuals receiving additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (beyond the primary series) during pregnancy will also be enrolled. Upon delivery, the infants born to individuals who received vaccine during pregnancy will become study participants.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Flor Munoz, MD | Baylor College of Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emory University | Atlanta | Georgia | 30322 | United States | ||
| University of Illinois at Chicago |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35550037 | Background | Munoz FM, Beigi RH, Posavad CM, Richardson BA, Chu HY, Bok K, Campbell J, Cardemil C, DeFranco E, Frenck RW, Makhene M, Piper JM, Sheffield J, Miller A, Neuzil KM. Multi-site observational maternal and infant COVID-19 vaccine study (MOMI-vax): a study protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 May 12;22(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04500-w. | |
| 35734087 | Result | Munoz FM, Posavad CM, Richardson BA, Badell ML, Bunge K, Mulligan MJ, Parameswaran L, Kelly C, Olsen-Chen C, Novak RM, Brady RC, Pasetti M, DeFranco E, Gerber JS, Shriver M, Suthar MS, Moore K, Coler R, Berube B, Kim SH, Piper JM, Miller A, Cardemil C, Neuzil KM, Beigi R; DMID Study Group. COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy enhances maternal binding and neutralizing antibody responses and transplacental antibody transfer to the newborn (DMID 21-0004). medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Jun 13:2022.06.13.22276354. doi: 10.1101/2022.06.13.22276354. |
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Individual participant data will be made available for sharing for secondary research, following de-identification.
Data will be available for sharing immediately following publication of the results of this study, with no end date, with data sharing at the discretion of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRC).
Data will be made available for sharing for secondary research with investigators/researchers upon written request, with provision of a methodologically sound proposal. The proposal will need approval from Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) and any approvals required by the site or consortium. The data will be available for only the purpose outlined in the approved proposal. Proposals can be sent to Dr. Munoz at florm@bcm.edu.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008004 | Licensure |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003406 | Credentialing |
| D012926 | Social Control, Formal |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
| D011785 | Quality Assurance, Health Care |
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Blood and breast milk samples will be collected from pregnant participants. Cord blood and serum samples will be collected from infant participants. Residual samples will be retained, for participants who consent to have these left over specimens used for secondary research studies.
| Group 6: Infants of individuals receiving additional vaccines during pregnancy | Infants of individuals who received additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(s), beyond the primary series, during pregnancy (approximately 200 infants). |
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| Ratio of cord blood Neut antibodies to maternal serum Neut antibodies | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood Neut antibodies to maternal Neut antibodies, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| Change GMT of serum IgG in Infants Born to Individuals Vaccinated During Pregnancy | The kinetics and durability of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in infants, by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | At delivery, 2 months of age, 6 months of age |
| Change GMT of Neut antibodies in Infants Born to Individuals Vaccinated During Pregnancy | The kinetics and durability of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies in infants, by vaccine type, platform and dose regimen. | At delivery, 2 months of age, 6 months of age |
The frequency of infant outcomes among infants born to individuals receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy or postpartum will be compared to background rates in the United States, overall and by vaccine type and platform. |
| At delivery |
| GMT of Serum IgG Compared to Non-Pregnant Women | GMT of Serum IgG in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy or postpartum will be compared to non-pregnant populations of women of childbearing age. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Neut Antibodies Compared to Non-Pregnant Women | GMT of Neut antibodies in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy or postpartum will be compared to non-pregnant populations of women of childbearing age. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Serum IgG by Gestational Age at Vaccination | GMT of serum IgG in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy will be examined by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of gestation) and interval between vaccination and delivery, by vaccine type and platform. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Neut Antibodies by Gestational Age at Vaccination | GMT of Neut antibodies in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy will be examined by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of gestation) and interval between vaccination and delivery, by vaccine type and platform. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Serum IgG by Baseline Characteristics | GMT of serum IgG in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy or postpartum will be examined by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Neut Antibodies by Baseline Characteristics | GMT of Neut antibodies in individuals receiving different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy or postpartum will be examined by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | 28 days post-vaccination |
| GMT of Cord Blood IgG by Gestational Age at Vaccination | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in cord blood, by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of vaccination) and interval between vaccination and delivery, overall and by vaccine type and/or platform. | At delivery |
| Ratio of Cord Blood IgG to Maternal Serum IgG by Gestational Age at Vaccination | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood IgG to maternal serum IgG, by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of vaccination) and interval between vaccination and delivery, overall and by vaccine type and/or platform. | At delivery |
| GMT of Cord Blood Neut Antibodies by Gestational Age at Vaccination | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT Neut antibodies in cord blood, by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of vaccination) and interval between vaccination and delivery, overall and by vaccine type and/or platform. | At delivery |
| Ratio of Cord Blood Neut Antibodies to Maternal Serum Neut Antibodies by Gestational Age at Vaccination | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood Neut antibodies to maternal Neut antibodies, by gestational age at vaccination (trimester of vaccination) and interval between vaccination and delivery, overall and by vaccine type and/or platform. | At delivery |
| GMT of Cord Blood IgG by Baseline Characteristics | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in cord blood, by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| Ratio of Cord Blood IgG to Maternal Serum IgG by Baseline Characteristics | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood IgG to maternal serum IgG, by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| GMT of Cord Blood Neut Antibodies by Baseline Characteristics | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the GMT Neut antibodies in cord blood, by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| Ratio of Cord Blood Neut Antibodies to Maternal Serum Neut Antibodies by Baseline Characteristics | Transplacental antibody transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals vaccinated during pregnancy will be assessed as the ratio of cord blood Neut antibodies to maternal Neut antibodies, by maternal age, health status, and risk status (e.g., occupation, priority vaccination group) overall and by vaccine type and platform. | At delivery |
| Change in GMT of IgG in Breast Milk | The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of mothers who received vaccine during pregnancy or postpartum, will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in breast milk, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | 2 weeks postpartum, and 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum |
| Change in GMT of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in Breast Milk | The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of mothers who received vaccine during pregnancy or postpartum, will be assessed as the GMT of IgA in breast milk, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | 2 weeks postpartum, and 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum |
| Change in GMT of Neut Antibodies in Breast Milk | The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of mothers who received vaccine during pregnancy or postpartum, will be assessed as the GMT of Neut Antibodies in breast milk, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | 2 weeks postpartum, and 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum |
| Change in GMT of Serum IgG Among Individuals Vaccinated Postpartum | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine postpartum will be assessed as the GMT of IgG, by vaccine type and/or platform. | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| Change in GMT of Neutralizing (Neut) Antibodies in Serum Among Individuals Vaccinated Postpartum | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine postpartum will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies, by vaccine type and/or platform. | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| Change GMT of serum IgG in Infants Born to Individuals Vaccinated Postpartum | The kinetics and durability of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants of mothers vaccinated postpartum will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in infants, by vaccine type and platform. | 2 months of age, 6 months of age |
| Change GMT of Neut antibodies in Infants Born to Individuals Vaccinated Postpartum | The kinetics and durability of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants of mothers vaccinated postpartum will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies in infants, by vaccine type and platform. | 2 months of age, 6 months of age |
| Change in GMT of Serum IgG Among Individuals Receiving Additional Vaccine Dose(s) | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of additional dose(s) of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in pregnant individuals who received vaccine prior to pregnancy, will be assessed as the GMT of IgG in serum, by vaccine type and platform. | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| Change in GMT of Neut Antibodies Among Individuals Receiving Additional Vaccine Dose(s) | The kinetics and durability of maternal serum antibodies following receipt of additional dose(s) of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in pregnant individuals who received vaccine prior to pregnancy, will be assessed as the GMT of Neut antibodies, by vaccine type and platform. | Baseline, 28 days post-vaccination, postpartum months 2, 6, and 12 |
| Up to postpartum month 12 |
| Severity of COVID-19 Infection Among Pregnant Individuals | The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and postpartum will be assessed as the severity of COVID-19 disease during study participation assessed through passive surveillance in individuals vaccinated during pregnancy or postpartum compared to rates in unvaccinated women of childbearing age, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | Up to postpartum month 12 |
| Incidence of COVID-19 Infection Among Infants | The effectiveness of maternal antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the incidence of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. Incidence of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in infants of individuals vaccinated in pregnancy or postpartum compared to background rates in infants of unvaccinated women of childbearing age, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Severity of COVID-19 Infection Among Infants | The effectiveness of maternal antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the severity of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. The severity of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in infants of individuals vaccinated in pregnancy or postpartum vs. background rates in infants of unvaccinated women of childbearing age, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Incidence of COVID-19 Infection Among Breastfed Infants | The effectiveness of breastmilk antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the incidence of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. The incidence of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in breastfed infants compared to not breastfed infants, by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Severity of COVID-19 Infection Among Breastfed Infants | The effectiveness of breastmilk antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the severity of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. The severity of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in breastfed infants compared to not breastfed infants, by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Incidence of COVID-19 Infection Among Breastfed Infants by Vaccination Timing | The effectiveness of breastmilk antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the severity of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. The severity of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in breastfed infants of individuals vaccinated during pregnancy compared to postpartum, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Severity of COVID-19 Infection Among Breastfed Infants by Vaccination Timing | The effectiveness of breastmilk antibodies to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 will be assessed by examining the severity of COVID-19 illness in infants in the first 12 months of life. The severity of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 during study participation is assessed through passive surveillance in breastfed infants of individuals vaccinated during pregnancy compared to postpartum, overall and by vaccine type and platform. | Up to 12 months of age |
| Chicago |
| Illinois |
| 60607 |
| United States |
| New York University Langone Vaccine Center | New York | New York | 10016 | United States |
| University of Rochester | Rochester | New York | 14642 | United States |
| University of Cincinnati | Cincinnati | Ohio | 45221 | United States |
| Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center | Cincinnati | Ohio | 45229 | United States |
| The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Magee - Womens Hospital | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 15213 | United States |
| Baylor College of Medicine | Houston | Texas | 77030 | United States |
| Seattle Children's Hospital | Seattle | Washington | 98105 | United States |
| 38332733 | Result | Cardemil CV, Cao Y, Posavad CM, Badell ML, Bunge K, Mulligan MJ, Parameswaran L, Olson-Chen C, Novak RM, Brady RC, DeFranco E, Gerber JS, Pasetti M, Shriver M, Coler R, Berube B, Suthar MS, Moreno A, Gao F, Richardson BA, Beigi R, Brown E, Neuzil KM, Munoz FM; MOMI-Vax Study Group. Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Prevention of Symptomatic Infection in Infants. Pediatrics. 2024 Mar 1;153(3):e2023064252. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-064252. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |