Differences in the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Stimulation Therapy and Kegel Exercises Based on Compliance, Subjective - Objective Symptoms and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence
Differences in the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Stimulation Therapy and Kegel Exercises Based on Compliance, Subjective - Objective Symptoms and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence
Electromagnetic stimulation is a new modality and alternative in women with urinary incontinence (UI). However, there was not much evidence that compares the use of electromagnetic stimulation to Kegel Exercises in post-partum stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We evaluate the compliance rate, effectiveness (UDI-6 and 1-hour pad test), and pelvic muscle strength of electromagnetic stimulation on stress urinary incontinence compared with Kegel pelvic floor muscle exercises in post-partum women as conservative therapy. This study was a single-blind randomized trial in postpartum women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence who came to YPK Mandiri Hospital. We recruited 40 Patients and were randomized into two groups, the electromagnetic stimulation (n=20) and Kegel exercises (n=20). The electromagnetic stimulation procedure was done three times a week for five weeks, and the Kegel exercises group will be instructed to do the exercises every day for eight weeks. Our primary objective is to measure compliance, symptom reduction (using the UDI-6 questionnaire and the 1-hour pad test), and pelvic floor muscle strength.
We evaluate the compliance rate, effectiveness (UDI-6 and 1-hour pad test), and pelvic muscle strength of electromagnetic stimulation on stress urinary incontinence compared with Kegel pelvic floor muscle exercises in post-partum women as conservative therapy. This was a Single-blind randomized clinical trial in 40 post-partum women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence from at least three months post-partum from March 2020 to February 2021 at YPK Mandiri Jakarta Hospital. We recruited consecutively for 40 patients divided into two groups based on type I error of 5% and type II error of 10%. The study population included all post-partum patients diagnosed with SUI over three months. Subjects that are included were signed an informed consent form, post-partum women aged 20 years or over with a diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence since three months post-partum, found a urine leakage when coughing when the bladder volume was 200 to 250 ml, and was able to perform a pad test 1 hour. The study subjects were excluded if the subject complained of mixed incontinence, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, grade 3 and 4 pelvic organ prolapse, chronic degenerative disease/trauma that affected muscle and nerve function, previous history of pelvic surgery, or a pacemaker. Then, the patients were randomly selected using a computer, namely simple randomization for treatment (Kegel muscle exercises or electromagnetic stimulation).
Kegel exercises had to be done every day for eight weeks. The kegel exercise consisted of two types of training. The first one is contracting and relaxing the fast-twitch muscle. Subjects contracted their muscle for two seconds and followed by four seconds of resting. The next part of the training was for slow-twitch muscles. Subjects needed to contract their pelvic muscle for five seconds and followed by ten seconds rest. All of the training was done alone, five times/set and five sets/day. The time took for a session is approximately two minutes, and it took ten minutes to complete the exercise. To evaluate the patient's compliance, a self-written control card and interview were used, with follow-up every two weeks.
Meanwhile, for those who received an electromagnetic stimulation chair, the patient sat on a magnetic chair with their perineum on the center allow the maximum effect of the magnetic field on the pelvic floor and sphincter muscles. We used NOVAMAG NT-60 chair (NOVAMedtek, Turkey) for our electromagnetic stimulation regiment. The Electromagnetic stimulation consists of 15 sessions with 20 minutes duration and three times a week for five weeks. At the end of each session, subjects were also asked to fill out a control card as proof of attendance. Subjects that were unable to complete 80% of the intended therapy regiment would be classified as not compliant.
Subjects' pelvic floor muscle strength was measured using Peritron by an obstetrician before and after the intervention. To measure their pelvic floor muscle, the patient was asked to contract the pelvic floor muscles and tightly hold for 2 to 3 seconds. Three experiments will be conducted with a break of 10 seconds between contractions, and the value taken is the highest measurement value. Physicians that evaluated the pelvic floor muscle strength will be blinded for the group allocation to reduce bias.
The UDI-6 questionnaire had been translated back and forth and validated. A reduction in the UDI-6 score is treated as a positive result or an improvement of symptoms. 1-hour pad test was used to evaluate their symptoms objectively. Based on the Committee International Continence Society (ICS), an increase of pad weight by 2-10 grams classified as light SUI, 10-50 grams as medium SUI, ≥50 grams as severe SUI. We evaluate all the subjects' symptoms before and after the therapy sessions. Physicians that evaluated the UDI-6 and 1-hour pad test will be blinded for the group allocation to reduce bias.
The dropout criteria of both groups are subjects who do not fill out the control card for at least one week consecutively. Patients are compliant when they attend or done 80% of the intended regimens of therapy.
Subjects' characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Parametric or Non-parametric tests were done appropriately to the normality test of the sample. We used SPSS statistics 21.0 for data analysis and the cut-off for statistical significance of 0.05.
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