Both groups received conventional physical therapy treatment consisting of therapeutic exercise, heat therapy and manual therapy. All the patients received manual therapy techniques that including joint mobilization and therapeutic exercise that including piriformis stretching as well as bridging exercises to strengthen the core stability muscles (i.e., strengthening of transverses abdominis, erector spinae and lumbar multifidus).

The KT was applied to the back once a week with a treatment duration of 2 weeks. Each KT was applied for continuous three days and the next KT was applied after a break of two days. Each participant in the experimental group was assessed for any allergy reaction of the skin to KT.

Both groups received conventional physical therapy treatment consisting of therapeutic exercise, heat therapy and manual therapy. All the patients received manual therapy techniques that including joint mobilization and therapeutic exercise that including piriformis stretching as well as bridging exercises to strengthen the core stability muscles (i.e., strengthening of transverses abdominis, erector spinae and lumbar multifidus).

This is a combine protocol of different therapeutic exercises and heat therapy.

Pain was measured on numerical pain rating scale. it is a scale with score from 0 to 10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is maximum pain. The minimum score mean better outcome while higher score mean worse outcome. simply lesser the score better would be the outcome.

Functional disability was measured using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI. ODI score was converted to percentage so the score ranges from 0% to 100%. Where 0% mean no disability and 100 mean very severe (maximum) disability. The minimum score mean better outcome while higher score mean worse outcome. simply lesser the score better would be the outcome.