Stage III NSCLC is a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Across this wide spectrum of heterogeneity, there is no single definitive therapeutic approach and the definition of the most effective treatment approach needs a multidisciplinary approach. In this trial we want to test in ALK positive stage III locally advanced NSCLC patients, the efficacy of Alectinib to induce tumor shrinkage when administered before surgery and to reduce the possibility of disease recurrence, with a limited risk of toxicity related, in long term administration after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years.

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the lung. Patients with mixed histology are eligible if adenocarcinoma is the predominant histology.

• Documented ALK-positive disease according to an FDA-approved and CE-marked test.

• Locally advanced NSCLC in stage III according to the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM edition, defined potentially resectable (any T with N2, T4N0-1).

• Documentation that the patient is a candidate for surgical resection of their lung cancer after multidisciplinary discussion.

• Patients must be treatment-naive for NSCLC and eligible to receive treatment with Alectinib.

• Measurable disease defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria with CT scan.

• Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT scan showing no evidence of metastatic disease.

• Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) showing radiographic stage III lung cancer (mediastinal staging biopsy is allowed but not required).

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of 0-1.

• Ability to swallow oral medications.

• Adequate haematological function defined by white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 2.500/mm3 with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.500/mm3, platelet count ≥ 100.000/mm3 and haemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL.

• Adequate hepatic function defined by a total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) range (except subjects with Gilbert Syndrome, who can have total bilirubin < 3.0 mg/dL), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5 if liver function test elevations are due to liver metastases).

• Adequate renal function defined by a serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or an estimated creatinine clearance of ≥ 30 mL/minute for patients with creatinine levels above institutional limits (if using the Cockcroft-Gault formula).

• Stable medical condition, including the absence of acute exacerbations of chronic illnesses, serious infections, or major surgery within 4 weeks before trial inclusion date, and otherwise noted in other inclusion/exclusion criteria.

• Female patients with childbearing potential should be using adequate contraceptive measures and should not be breastfeeding during the study and for 90 days following the last dose of Alectinib. They and must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.

• Female patients must have evidence of non-child-bearing potential by fulfilling one of the following criteria at screening:

  • Post-menopausal defined as aged more than 50 years and amenorrheic for at least 12 months following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments;
  • Women under 50 years old would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatment with LH and FSH levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution;
  • Documentation of irreversible surgical sterilization by hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral salpingectomy but not tubal ligation.

• Men with a female partner of childbearing potential must have either had a prior vasectomy or agree to use effective contraception for at least 14 days prior to administration of the first dose of study treatment, during the study, and for 90 days following the last dose of Alectinib.

• Ability to comply with protocol requirements.

• Ability to provide written informed consent. Voluntary written consent must be given before performance of any study-related procedure not part of standard medical care, with the understanding that the patient may withdraw consent at any time without prejudice to future medical care.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior treatment with any systemic anti-cancer therapy for locally advanced NSCLC including chemotherapy, biologic therapy, including ALK-TKI, immunotherapy or any investigational drug.

• Non-resectable stage III and stage IV disease with distant metastases (including malignant pleural effusion) identified on PET-CT scan or biopsy.

• Any concurrent and/or active malignancy that has required treatment within 2 years of the first dose of study drug.

• Any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including uncontrolled hypertension and active bleeding diatheses, which in the investigator's opinion makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial or which would jeopardize compliance with the protocol; or known active infection including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); screening for chronic conditions is not required; patients with HBV with negative HBV viral load on appropriate antiviral therapy will be permitted, if able to continue appropriate antiviral therapy throughout treatment period.

• Any severe infection, including COVID-19, within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, including, but not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infections.

• History of organ transplant.

• Refractory nausea and vomiting, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, inability to swallow the formulated product or previous significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption of Alectinib.

• Any of the following cardiac criteria:

  • Mean resting corrected QT interval (QTc)>470 msec, obtained from 3 electrocardiograms (ECGs)
  • Any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction or morphology of resting ECG e.g., complete left bundle branch block, third-degree heart block, second-degree heart block, PR interval >250msec, symptomatic bradycardia <45 beats/minute.
  • Any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as heart failure, hypokalemia, congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years of age in first-degree relatives or any concomitant medication known to prolong the QT interval.

• Males and females of reproductive potential who are not using an effective method of birth control and females who are pregnant or breastfeeding or have a positive (urine or serum) pregnancy test prior to study entry.

• History of hypersensitivity to active or inactive excipients of Alectinib or drugs with a similar chemical structure or class to Alectinib. This includes, but is not limited to, patients with galactose intolerance, a congenital lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption.

• Administration of strong/potent cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A inhibitors or inducers within 14 days prior to the first dose of study treatment and while on treatment with Alectinib except for oral corticosteroids up to 20 mg of prednisolone equivalent per day.

• Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both investigator staff and/or staff at the study site).

• Judgment by the investigator that the subject should not participate in the study if the subject is unlikely to comply with study procedures, restrictions and requirements.