Histerectomy Vs Partial Myometrial Resection for Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Hysterectomy Vs Partial Myometrial Resection for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS). A Feasibility Study of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Experiment (RCT-PAS)

Currently, Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) has two treatment options: hysterectomy (completely removing the uterus) and partial myometrial resection (resecting the part of the uterus affected by this pathology).

The present study is a feasibility study of a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial to be carried out in 3 health institutions. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria, after signing the informed consent, will be taken to the surgical procedure and before the start of the procedure they will be randomized to one of the two interventions, hysterectomy or partial myometrial resection, intra-surgical clinical outcomes will be explored and a follow-up will be carried out during the immediate post-surgical period (72 hours), in 7 to 12 days and at 42 days postpartum.

A sample size of 60 patients is estimated among the 3 health institutions, with an approximate duration of the study of 24 months.

Placenta accreta spectrum is a serious condition associated with significant maternal morbidity and even mortality. The recommended treatment is hysterectomy. An alternative is 1-step conservative surgery, which involves the en bloc resection of the myometrium affected by placenta accreta spectrum along with the placenta, followed by uterine reconstruction. Currently, there are no studies comparing the 2 techniques in the setting of a randomized controlled trial.

We performed a prospectively registered multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing hysterectomy with 1-step conservative surgery. The aim was to collect feasibility and clinical outcomes of the 2 techniques in women assigned to hysterectomy or 1step conservative surgery. In addition to assessing participants' willingness to be randomized, we also collected data on intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, serious adverse event, and other clinical outcomes.

Sixty women with strong antenatal suspicion of placenta accreta spectrum were assigned randomly to either hysterectomy (n=31) or 1-step conservative surgery (n=29).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women over 18 years of age.
• History of previous cesarean section and anterior placenta previa
• Patients with prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound or MRI of PAS, regardless of the suspected degree of severity of the disease.
• Requirement for surgical management of placental accreta on a scheduled basis.
• Patients without active vaginal bleeding in the period immediately before surgery (Patients entering the operating room without active bleeding).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women without previous living children.