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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Research Grants Council, Hong Kong | OTHER |
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This study delivered an adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention program to a group of Hong Kong university students. The program effectiveness was evaluated by a randomized controlled trial in reducing psychological distress and improving mental health of these students. The 3-month maintenance effect was also tested.
University students are vulnerable to mental health problems due to the various challenges they have to face in university life. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of university counseling programs in Hong Kong. This project aims at developing and systematically evaluating a culturally adapted and adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention (aCBI) program to decrease psychological distress and improve various mental health outcomes for Chinese university students in Hong Kong. The aCBI program was delivered in a form of general education course in a university setting. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was adopted. The program was evaluated its effectiveness in reducing psychological distress, perceived stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms, negative thoughts and negative emotions and increasing positive thoughts and positive emotions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention | Experimental | An adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention program A 13-session adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention program, including 6 lectures, 5 workshops and adventure training (one adventure day camp (2 sessions) and adventure activities in the beginning of each workshop). One session per week, 3 hours for each session. A variety of cognitive behavioral skills were taught in lectures and these skills were practiced in two groups (with appropriately 20 students in each group) in workshop to help students to apply these skills to cope with their own daily life stress. Skill briefing, case demonstration and debriefing, group sharing and discussion, in-class exercise and homework were used in the intervention program. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | No intervention of the adventure-based cognitive behavioral program |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention | Other | The adventure-based cognitive behavioral intervention is a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and adventure training. The intervention program is delivered in a 39-hour general education course entailed "Improving Mental Health for University Success" in a public university in Hong Kong. The program includes 6 lectures, 5 workshops, 5 adventure games and an adventure day camp. Students are divided into two groups in workshop to practise CBT skills to deal with their own issues. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General Health Questionnaire-12 | 12-item rating scale for psychological distress, scale score ranges from 0-12, with a higher score indicating a higher level of psychological distress | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| General Health Questionnaire-12 | 12-item rating scale for psychological distress, scale score ranges from 0-12, with a higher score indicating a higher level of psychological distress | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| General Health Questionnaire-12 | 12-item rating scale for psychological distress, scale score ranges from 0-12, with a higher score indicating a higher level of psychological distress | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress Scale | 10-item rating scale for perceived stress, scale score ranges from 0-4, with a higher score indicating a higher level of perceived stress | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Perceived Stress Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jiayan Pan, PhD | Hong Kong Baptist University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiayan Pan | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
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Randomized controlled trial
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10-item rating scale for perceived stress, scale score ranges from 0-4, with a higher score indicating a higher level of perceived stress
| post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Perceived Stress Scale | 10-item rating scale for perceived stress, scale score ranges from 0-4, with a higher score indicating a higher level of perceived stress | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 21-item rating scale for depressive symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of depressive symptoms | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 21-item rating scale for depressive symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of depressive symptoms | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 21-item rating scale for depressive symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of depressive symptoms | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | 21-item rating scale for anxiety symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of anxiety symptoms | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | 21-item rating scale for anxiety symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of anxiety symptoms | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | 21-item rating scale for anxiety symptoms, scale score ranges from 0-63, with a higher score indicating a higher level of anxiety symptoms | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire | 14-item rating scale for positive and negative automatic thoughts, score ranges from 1-5 for the positive thought subscale and negative thought subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative thought. | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire | 14-item rating scale for positive and negative automatic thoughts, score ranges from 1-5 for the positive thought subscale and negative thought subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative thought. | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire | 14-item rating scale for positive and negative automatic thoughts, score ranges from 1-5 for the positive thought subscale and negative thought subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative thought. | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Chinese Affect Scale | 20-item rating scale for positive and negative emotions, score ranges from 1-6 for positive emotion subscale and negative emotion subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative emotion | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Chinese Affect Scale | 20-item rating scale for positive and negative emotions, score ranges from 1-6 for positive emotion subscale and negative emotion subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative emotion | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Chinese Affect Scale | 20-item rating scale for positive and negative emotions, score ranges from 1-6 for positive emotion subscale and negative emotion subscale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of positive/negative emotion | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Chinese Making Sense of Adversity Scale | 12-item rating scale for measuring sense-making coping, score ranges from "1" = "totally disagree" to "6" = "totally agree", with a higher score indicating a higher level of sense-making coping. | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Chinese Making Sense of Adversity Scale | 12-item rating scale for measuring sense-making coping, score ranges from "1" = "totally disagree" to "6" = "totally agree", with a higher score indicating a higher level of sense-making coping. | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Chinese Making Sense of Adversity Scale | 12-item rating scale for measuring sense-making coping, score ranges from "1" = "totally disagree" to "6" = "totally agree", with a higher score indicating a higher level of sense-making coping. | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |
| Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale | 25-item rating scale for measuring resilience, score ranges from "1" = "not true at all" to "5" = "true all the time". All the Item scores are summed up as a total score, with a higher score indicating greater resilience. | baseline: before the intervention program starts |
| Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale | 25-item rating scale for measuring resilience, score ranges from "1" = "not true at all" to "5" = "true all the time". All the Item scores are summed up as a total score, with a higher score indicating greater resilience. | post-test: 1 month upon completion of the intervention program |
| Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale | 25-item rating scale for measuring resilience, score ranges from "1" = "not true at all" to "5" = "true all the time". All the Item scores are summed up as a total score, with a higher score indicating greater resilience. | 3-month follow-up test: 3 months after completion of the intervention program |