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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| D43TW009345 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Indiana University | OTHER |
| Duke University | OTHER |
| Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital | OTHER |
| Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health |
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Youth living with HIV in Kenya frequently use substances and this negatively affects their mental health as well as viral suppression.
The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-delivered substance use screening and brief intervention for these youth.
Globally, youth are disproportionately affected by substance use. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an estimated 41% of youth have used at least one substance in their lifetime. Youth Living with HIV (YLH) have not been spared. In a study conducted in Kenya, 33% and 46% of youth attending a HIV clinic reported harmful patterns of alcohol and illicit substance use respectively. Substance use among YLH has been associated with negative outcomes including antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence, neurocognitive deficits, poor virologic control and depression. Unfortunately, YLH in SSA lack access to substance use interventions. A study conducted by Parcesepe et al reported that only 37% of HIV adolescent sites in select LMICs offered any substance use screening and interventions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening and brief intervention (SBI) in primary healthcare for identification and early intervention for substance use. Primary healthcare workers in LMICs are however often unable to implement SBI due to heavy workload. Peers represent a potential means through which SBI may be delivered in adolescent HIV settings and presents a number of advantages. First, peer support systems are well established in many adolescent HIV clinics in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondly, by drawing upon their shared experiences as youth living with HIV, the peers can provide empathic support to the adolescents.
Few studies have evaluated implementation of peer-delivered SBI for adolescents. Available studies have been conducted in high-income countries. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated implementation of peer-delivered SBI among YLH. Our project seeks to fill this gap by evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-delivered SBI for YLH in Kenya. This project is in line with: (i) Kenyan Ministry of Health guidelines for delivery of adolescent and youth friendly services which lists substance use counseling as an essential service, and (ii) United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Fast-track target 95-95-95, which requires that by 2030, 95% of people on ART be virally suppressed (12) as well as target 3.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which requires that governments strengthen the treatment and prevention of substance abuse. Data from this study will set the stage for full-efficacy trials and ultimately to scale-up efforts to other LMICs.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm | Experimental | Youth aged 15-24 years Intervention: screening and brief intervention for substance use |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening and brief intervention for substance use | Behavioral | Screening will be done using the WHO Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The brief intervention will be delivered based on ASSIST risk scores: low risk - verbal positive reinforcement and brief advice on harmful consequences of substance use (ii) moderate risk - brief motivational interviewing (BMI) (iii) high risk - BMI and referral to child psychiatry out-patient clinic. The BMI will be delivered in a single session (approximately 15 minutes) using Feedback Listen Options model (15): (i) providing feedback on screening results (ii) exploring pros and cons of substance use, enquiring about importance of change (iii) exploring options for change. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Substance use assessed by the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) | The ASSIST tool enquires about lifetime use of 9 substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, inhalants, amphetamines, opioids, hallucinogens and sedatives). Endorsement of lifetime use is followed by a series of questions enquiring about pattern of use in the past 3 months. Scoring for alcohol use is as follows: 0-10 Low; 11-26 Moderate; 27+ High. Scoring for all other substances is as follows: 0-3 Low; 4-26 Moderate; 27+ High | baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| level of depressive symptoms using the patient health questionnaire 9 | It is a 9 item tool that examines for symptoms over the past two week period. Each of the 9 items is rated as follows: 0 - "not at all", 1 - "Several days", 2 - "More than half the days", 3 - "Nearly every day". Scoring: 0-4 minimal depression, 5-9 mild depression, 10-14 moderate depression, 15-19 moderately severe depression, and 20-27 severe depression. |
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Inclusion criteria:
• Youth aged 15-24 years
Exclusion criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| FLORENCE JAGUGA, MMED | MOI TEACHING & REFERRAL HOSPITAL | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florence Jaguga | Eldoret | RIFT Valley | 30100 | Kenya |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27750182 | Background | Gamarel KE, Brown L, Kahler CW, Fernandez MI, Bruce D, Nichols S; Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Intervention. Prevalence and correlates of substance use among youth living with HIV in clinical settings. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Dec 1;169:11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Oct 11. | |
| 30002721 | Background | Gaitho D, Kumar M, Wamalwa D, Wambua GN, Nduati R. Understanding mental health difficulties and associated psychosocial outcomes in adolescents in the HIV clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 10;17:29. doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0200-8. eCollection 2018. |
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All IPD collected during the study after de-identification
immediately following publication no end date
researchers whose proposed use of the data has been reviewed and approved by an IRB.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008403 | Mass Screening |
| D003419 | Crisis Intervention |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D006306 | Health Surveys |
| D011795 | Surveys and Questionnaires |
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| NIH |
All eligible youth will be screened for substance use and assigned to the intervention based on level of substance use risk. Immediately after the intervention they will rate the acceptability of the intervention. After enrollment is over, peers, clinic staff and youth will be asked to give feedback (qualitative and quantitative) on the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.
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|
| baseline |
| level of generalised anxiety using the 7 item generalised anxiety disorder scale | It is a 7 item tool that examines for symptoms over the past two week period. Scoring: mild anxiety (5-9), moderate range (10-14), and severe range (15-21) | baseline |
| Fidelity to the intervention assessed using a researcher designed rating scale | Fidelity checklists will be developed based on key elements of the intervention. Items will be rated by the SBI trainers on a 3-point scale. | during the intervention |
| 32853246 | Background | Parcesepe AM, Lancaster K, Edelman EJ, DeBoni R, Ross J, Atwoli L, Tlali M, Althoff K, Tine J, Duda SN, Wester CW, Nash D; IeDEA Consortium. Substance use service availability in HIV treatment programs: Data from the global IeDEA consortium, 2014-2015 and 2017. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 27;15(8):e0237772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237772. eCollection 2020. |
| 18581618 | Background | Peltzer K, Matseke G, Azwihangwisi M. Evaluation of alcohol screening and brief intervention in routine practice of primary care nurses in Vhembe district, South Africa. Croat Med J. 2008 Jun;49(3):392-401. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2008.3.392. |
| 31776974 | Background | Mark D, Hrapcak S, Ameyan W, Lovich R, Ronan A, Schmitz K, Hatane L. Peer Support for Adolescents and Young People Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Insights and a Methodological Agenda. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Dec;16(6):467-474. doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00470-5. |
| 31229188 | Background | Winn LAP, Paquette KL, Donegan LRW, Wilkey CM, Ferreira KN. Enhancing adolescent SBIRT with a peer-delivered intervention: An implementation study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019 Aug;103:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.05.009. Epub 2019 May 14. |
| 18373724 | Background | Humeniuk R, Ali R, Babor TF, Farrell M, Formigoni ML, Jittiwutikarn J, de Lacerda RB, Ling W, Marsden J, Monteiro M, Nhiwatiwa S, Pal H, Poznyak V, Simon S. Validation of the Alcohol, Smoking And Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):1039-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x. Epub 2008 Mar 28. |
| 19664226 | Background | Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009 Aug 7;4:50. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-4-50. |
| 32857791 | Background | Musyoka CM, Mbwayo A, Donovan D, Mathai M. Alcohol and substance use among first-year students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya: Prevalence and patterns. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 28;15(8):e0238170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238170. eCollection 2020. |
| 11556941 | Background | Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. |
| 16717171 | Background | Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. |
| 28593049 | Background | Kohrt BA, Ramaiya MK, Rai S, Bhardwaj A, Jordans MJD. Development of a scoring system for non-specialist ratings of clinical competence in global mental health: a qualitative process evaluation of the Enhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic Factors (ENACT) scale. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2015;2:e23. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2015.21. Epub 2015 Dec 9. |
| 37974158 | Derived | Jaguga F, Kwobah EK, Giusto A, Apondi E, Barasa J, Korir M, Rono W, Kosgei G, Puffer E, Ott M. Feasibility and acceptability of a peer provider delivered substance use screening and brief intervention program for youth in Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 16;23(1):2254. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17146-w. |
| D003625 | Data Collection |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D003954 | Diagnostic Services |
| D011314 | Preventive Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
| D015980 | Public Health Practice |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |