A Prospective Evaluation of Clinical Impact of Physiology Versus Optical Coherence Tomography Guided PCI in STEMI Patients Without Undergoing Primary PCI

A Prospective Evaluation of Clinical Impact of Physiology Versus Optical Coherence Tomography Guided PCI in STEMI Patients Without Undergoing Primary PCI

This study of physiologically functional FFR in STEMI patients without direct PCI treatment will provide unique data on plaque progression and risk factors.

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study that plans to continuously enroll patients with STEMI who, for various reasons, have not received direct PCI treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. All STEMI patients will be treated according to the hospital's standard procedures and will continue to watch for plaque stability for 7 to 30 days. Treatment options for STEMI include: progressive thrombus aspiration without balloon or stent implantation; Stabilization with medication in a relatively small hospital that could not provide PCI treatment and then transfer to a tertiary hospital for further evaluation; Thrombolytic therapy. After that, all patients underwent an angiogram to identify any residual stenosis in the culprit's blood vessels.

In this study, 300 subjects with target vessel stenosis of 50%-90% confirmed to be suitable for stent implantation by angiographic evaluation will be recruited and randomly assigned to FFR, OCT or Angio group according to 1:1:1. FFR group: Patients with FFR ≤0.8 were treated with PCI; FFR > 0.8 patients will receive drug therapy; All patients will undergo OCT examination. OCT group: if MLA< 4.5mm2 patients will receive PCI; Other patients will be treated with medication; All patients will be examined for FFR. Angio group: The appropriate treatment (stent implantation) will be given according to the evaluation of the doctor.

All patients were followed up at 1 month (±7d), 6 months (±14d) and 12 months (±30d) after surgery, respectively. Target lesion failure (TLF), including cardiogenic death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (TLR), was used as the primary end point. Secondary end points included the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1 year postoperatively. The clinical composite end points included: All due to death, Arc-defined stent thrombotic events, non-fatal myocardial infarction, clinically driven target vessel revascularization, or readmission due to unstable angina pectoris or aggravation of angina; Patients in the FFR group and OCT group were treated with a change of treatment strategy (pre-PCI: change of stent implantation strategy; After PCI: with or without additional intervention).

Each research center shall operate and test in accordance with the operating procedures uniformly described in the scheme to ensure the consistency of the test operation.

Clinical event committee (CEC) : a clinical event committee will be composed of independent cardiologists not involved in this study to reevaluate all reported deaths, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and thrombotic events.

A total of 300 STEMI patients who did not receive direct PCI treatment within 48 hours after symptom onset due to different reasons are planned to be enrolled in 16 centers nationwide. The overall study time is about 24 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age ≤ 18 ≤75;

2. 7-30 days after onset of STEMI;

3. PCI was not performed for the following reasons:

   1. Stabilize the condition at a hospital that is unable to provide PCI and then refer to a tertiary hospital for further evaluation;
   2. Previous emergency angiography without balloon dilatation or stent implantation; Emergency thrombus aspiration without balloon dilation or stent placement;

4. Patients with target lesion stenosis of 50%-90%, GRADE 3 TIMI blood flow and indications for stent implantation after receiving STEMI treatment in accordance with hospital standard procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Left main disease or bypass disease;
2. Intolerance to research drugs, metal alloys or contrast agents;
3. Life expectancy is less than a year;
4. PCI was performed on previous target vessels;
5. Previous coronary artery bypass grafting;
6. cardiogenic shock or LVEF< 35%;
7. Severe renal or liver dysfunction;
8. Hemodynamic instability;
9. The degree of pathological stenosis of criminals was > 90% or < 50%;
10. Target vessel TIMI blood flow ≤ grade 2;
11. A surgical plan within 6 months after the initial operation;
12. Had clinical indications of intolerance to 12-month DAPT therapy;
13. Unable to provide written proof of informed consent;
14. Patients who were enrolled in other clinical trials at the time of enrollment and did not meet the primary study endpoint.