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To improve secondary school students' positive attitudes towards older adults with physical disabilities via a Promoting an incLUsive Society towards older adults with physical disabilities through disability simulation education (PLUS) project.
A pretest-posttest and qualitative study design will be adopted. 1,000 junior secondary students will be recruited from six secondary schools in Hong Kong by convenience sampling to participate in a 3-day PLUS Convention. Changes in students' attitudes towards older adults with physical disabilities and satisfaction with life, and their satisfaction with the disability simulation experience will be assessed. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with students, facilitators, teachers, and older adults with physical disabilities to gain further feedback.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-day PLUS Convention | Experimental | Participants will participate in a 3-day PLUS Convention, comprising an inclusivity education workshop, service-learning seminar, disability simulation workshop, and two community contact sessions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-day PLUS Convention | Behavioral | Participants will participate in a 3-day PLUS Convention, comprising an inclusivity education workshop, a service-learning seminar, a disability simulation workshop, and two community contact sessions which will consist of a 60-minute interview with an older adult with a physical disability and an outdoor experience. Discussion sessions will be facilitated throughout to consolidate learning. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the participants' attitudes towards older adults with physical disabilities | The 47-item Students' Attitudes toward People with a Disability Scale will be used. It was developed locally in the Baseline Survey of Students' Attitudes towards People with a Disability, a study conducted by the Equal Opportunities Commission in Hong Kong. It encompasses four attitude sub-scales, namely social acceptance, behavioural misconceptions, pessimism-hopelessness, and optimism-human rights. Participants will rate their agreement with each item on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = "Strongly agree" - 4 = "Strongly disagree"). The four attitude sub-scale scores will then be converted along a scale between 1-100. A higher score will indicate a more positive attitude towards people with a disability. All sub-scales had Cronbach's Alpha scores ranging from 0.69 to 0.85, which support their respectable reliability. | Change from baseline to immediately after completion of the intervention (2 months) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the participants' level of life satisfaction | The 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) will be adopted. Participants will rate their overall judgement of their life on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = "Strongly disagree" - 7 = "Strongly agree"). The total score ranges from 5 to 35 points, with a higher score indicating a higher satisfaction with life. The SWLS has a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.87, supporting its internal consistency and reliability. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suzanne Lo | Chinese University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary Schools | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author, on reasonable request, for six years upon completion of the study
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083644 | Social Inclusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003226 | Congresses as Topic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009938 | Organizations |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
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All recruited participants will receive the intervention.
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| Change from baseline to immediately after completion of the intervention (2 months) |
| The participants' level of satisfaction with the disability simulation workshop | The 18-item Satisfaction with Disability Simulation Experience Scale (SDSES) will be used. Participants will rate their extent of agreement with the simulations using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = "Strongly disagree" - 5 = "Strongly agree") to indicate their satisfaction with them. A higher score will indicate higher satisfaction with the simulation experience. The survey will have one open-ended question asking students to provide additional comments about their simulation experience. The scale's internal consistency reliability is supported as its whole Cronbach's coefficient values ranged from 0.70 to 0.88. | Immediately after completion of the disability simulation workshop (within 1 day) |