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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| BElibol | UNKNOWN |
| NKöse | UNKNOWN |
| GYÇakmaklı | UNKNOWN |
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs with the effect of dopaminergic pathways in the substantia nigra and causes a progressive decrease in motor functions. When the literature is examined; Physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs applied in PD include conventional physiotherapy methods and neurophysiological based activity training. Classical physiotherapy programs; It includes stretching, strengthening, aerobics, posture exercises, balance and coordination training. PH treatment in recent years; Virtual reality is gradually enriched with motor imagery and robot-assisted physiotherapy applications and different exercise methods including dance, music therapy, yoga, pilates and spinal stabilization exercises.
Stabilization exercises, which form the basis of spinal stabilization training, use the basic principles of motor learning. The aim of the spinal stabilization exercise program is to support the vertebral column by increasing the strength and endurance of the stabilizer muscles, to improve the spinal posture by increasing kinesthetic awareness and to improve balance control.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of telerehabilitation practices even more. Telerehabilitation can be defined as providing rehabilitation services remotely using information and communication technologies. In order to minimize the risk of transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity levels of individuals have been reduced by restricting social life and the access of sick individuals to rehabilitation services is severely restricted. In addition, rehabilitation professionals are at risk in the treatment of these patients due to the serious transmission risk of COVID-19. Considering these situations, it is emphasized by many authorities that telerehabilitation practices should be expanded.
Inactivity, which occurs as a result of restrictions in access to social isolation and rehabilitation services, brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Parkinson's patients, adversely affects the progression of the disease. Telerehabilitation allows patients who cannot access rehabilitation due to their geographical, economic or physical disabilities to benefit from rehabilitation services. It is known that telerehabilitation applied in various neurological diseases reduces the fatigue levels of the patients, improves their functional activities and quality of life.
In line with all these reasons, this study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of two different exercise programs adapted to the telerehabilitation program in Parkinson's patients during the Covid 19 pandemic.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental |
| |
| Control Group | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Other | The cervical region is one of the most affected regions of the musculoskeletal system due to the intensive proprioceptors. Studies have shown that many position sense proprioceptors are over the deep group cervical muscles such as longus colitis and longus capitis. The deep group cervical muscles, which perform a dynamic ligament function, have an important role in maintaining the stability of the spine as well as the proprioceptive sense. In particular, proprioceptive receptors, which are commonly found in the deep suboccipital muscles; There are cervical and reflex connections with vestibular, visual and postural control systems. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. There are 4 sub-parameters. 1. mental status, behavior and mental state 2. daily life activities 3. motor inspection 4. treatment complications. mental status, behavior and mental state total 16 points, daily activity total 52 points, Motor parameter total 92 points, treatment complications total 23 points. Total maximum 183 points. the total score is calculated by adding all sub-parameter scores. low value is good, high value is a symptom of bad result. | baseline to 6 week after |
| Numeric Analog Scale | Numerical rating scale of pain intensity. 0 to 10 is a scale with a rating. 0 points no pain 10 points is a scale with very severe pain. The participant is asked to say a value in this range according to the severity of pain. | baseline to 6 week after |
| 30 - Second Chair Stand Test | It is used to assess individuals' lower extremity strength and static balance. the individual is asked to sit and stand in a chair for 30 seconds. | baseline to 6 week after |
| Static Standing Balance Test | Individuals were asked to stand in different positions and their static balance was assessed. | baseline to 6 week after |
| The Fear of Covid-19 Scale | It is a test that measures individual's Covid-19 fears. Min:7 Max:35 "high score is bad score." | baseline to 6 week after |
| Short-Form 36 | SF-36 (Short Form 36). Quality of life survey. examines 8 dimensions of health with 36 items. physical function, social function, role restrictions, mental health, vitality, pain and general health. The scores of each parameter are between 0 and 100. 0 bad, 100 good results. is calculated by taking the values of the sub-parameters. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
-Persons not meeting the above criteria were excluded from the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ozden BASKAN | Istanbul Rumeli University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Rumeli University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Bennett SE, Karnes JL. Neurological Disabilities. Assessment and Treatment. 1 st ed. Lippincott: Philadelphia; 1998. | ||
| 21514890 | Background | Doherty KM, van de Warrenburg BP, Peralta MC, Silveira-Moriyama L, Azulay JP, Gershanik OS, Bloem BR. Postural deformities in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Jun;10(6):538-49. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70067-9. Epub 2011 Apr 22. | |
| 18344392 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| baseline to 6 week after |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | Assesses anxiety level. Min:0 Max:63 "high score is bad score." | baseline to 6 week after |
| The Beck Depression Inventory | Assesses the level of depression. Min:0 Max: 63 "high score is bad score." | baseline to 6 week after |
| ACTIVLIM Scale | It is a questionnaire that measures the activity limitation of individuals. Min: 0 Max:36 "high score is good score." | baseline to 6 week after |
| Standardized Mini Mental Test | Evaluates the cognitive level of the person | baseline to 6 week after |
| Background |
| Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;79(4):368-76. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045. |
| 17509884 | Background | Vaugoyeau M, Viel S, Amblard B, Azulay JP, Assaiante C. Proprioceptive contribution of postural control as assessed from very slow oscillations of the support in healthy humans. Gait Posture. 2008 Feb;27(2):294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.04.003. Epub 2007 May 16. |
| 8866492 | Background | Bloem BR, Beckley DJ, van Dijk JG, Zwinderman AH, Remler MP, Roos RA. Influence of dopaminergic medication on automatic postural responses and balance impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 1996 Sep;11(5):509-21. doi: 10.1002/mds.870110506. |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |