This study aims to adopt a multi-center large sample size study to define (1) the normal range of Chinese ONSD; (2) ONSD diagnosis for patients with high intracranial pressure; (3) to analyze the correlation between ONSD and intracranial pressure.

The ONSD, transcranial Doppler parameters and baseline data of the normal intracranial pressure group and the enhanced intracranial pressure group (more than 200 mmH2O) .

Inclusion Criteria:

1. People requiring lumbar puncture testing due to brain trauma, intracranial infection, intracranial vascular disease, intracranial tumors, peripheral neuropathy for the raised intracranial pressure group.
2. Healthy people for the normal intracranial pressure group.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. eye diseases, such as eye trauma, eye tumors, optic neuritis, and glaucoma
2. People with poor temporal window penetration.
3. Patients who refuse to sign informed consent.

Patients with suspected high intracranial pressure requiring lumbar puncture to measure spinal fluid pressure.

The normal population is healthy volunteers with matching gender and age, requiring previous physical fitness, has no history of eye diseases, such as eye trauma, eye tumors, optic neuritis, and glaucoma.

the study protocal wil be shared with other researchers.

the study protocal will become available on December 2022 and for 2 years.