Women with symptoms of voiding dysfunction may be associated with detrusor underactivity or bladder outlet obstruction. However, the prevalence of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction remained obscure. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in women with and without symptoms of voiding dysfunction.

Between February 2005 and December 2020, all women with lower urinary tract symptoms but without cystocele who visited the urogynecological department of a medical center for urodynamic evaluation were reviewed. Those women who have no complete data of maximum flow rate, voided volume, post-void residual volume and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate were excluded from this study. Detrusor underactivity was defined when the detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate was less than 20 cmH2O, the maximum flow rate was less than 15 mL/s, and the bladder voiding efficiency was less than 90 %. Bladder outlet obstruction was defined when the the detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate was not less than 40 cmH2O, and the maximum flow rate was less than 12 mL/s. Those women without detrusor interactivity or bladder outlet obstruction were allocated to the non-DU/BOO group.

STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Chi2 test, univariate and multivariable logistic regression test were used for statistical analysis as appropriate. A p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Women with lower urinary tract symptoms
• Complete urodynamic study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Advanced cystocele
• After surgery for cystocele repair
• Chronic infection
• Incomplete data

women with lower urinary tract symptoms but without cystocele who visited the urogynecological department of a medical center for urodynamic evaluation

Individual participant data is available under reasonable request