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In this study was aimed that acupressure applied on the BL32 point and shower application reduced the intensity of labor pain experienced by the pregnant women in the active phase of labor and increased their postpartum comfort
Acupressure and shower are methods that can help reduce pain severity. This study thus aims to determine the effects of acupressure and shower on labour pain and postpartum comfort. This study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This study was the control group consisted of 40 pregnant women, while the experimental groups (acupressure and shower) consisted of 80 pregnant women in total. The experimental groups received routine labour care and either acupressure or showers upon reaching three cervical dilations (4-5, 6-7 and 8-10 cm). The control group only received routine labour care. A maternal information form (MIF), the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP) and the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ) were used to collect data. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acupressure group | Experimental | In the acupressure uterine contractions were checked before the care application began. Acupressure was applied when the women's cervical dilation reached 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-10 cm. This method was applied 18 times during uterine contractions. The application stopped at the end of each contraction and resumed once another contraction started. No application was performed between contractions. |
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| Shower Group | Experimental | The shower group, uterine contractions were checked before the care application began. A shower was applied when the women's cervical dilation reached 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-10 cm. This method was applied 18 times during uterine contractions. The application stopped at the end of each contraction and resumed once another contraction started. No application was performed between contractions. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The women in the control group underwent routine hospital care. They were administered neither pharmacological nor nonpharmacological methods to reduce labour pain. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acupressure | Other | A researcher sat behind the women to comfortably access the sacral area and be in the appropriate position. The researcher then applied deep rotational pressure on the BL32 points until her nail bed colour changed to prevent any discomfort in the participants |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reduce labor pain | The participants were applicated acupressure, and shower as for birth pain. Pain has been evaluated with VASP. | Evaluation was done until delivery (on average between 8-12 hours) |
| Postpartum comfort levels | Postpartum comfort levels of the groups who received acupressure and shower in the postpartum period were evaluated.Postpartum comfort level has been evaluated with PPCQ. | 2 hours after birth |
| A maternal information form | This form consisted of 13 items asking for the participants' sociodemographic characteristics | before birth |
| Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP) | This scale is a 0-10 cm ruler developed by Bond and Pilowsky (Hawker et al., 2011; Aslan and Öztürk, 2014; Kömürcü and Ergin, 2014; Bond and Pilowsky, 1996). VASP is a 10 cm ruler which assessment with "no pain" at one end and "worst pain" at the other end. A Turkish validity and reliability study of the VASP was performed by Aslan and Öztürk (Aslan and Öztürk, 2014; Kömürcü and Ergin, 2014; Aslan, 2004). | Evaluation was done until delivery (on average between 8-12 hours) |
| Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ) | The 48-item General Comfort Scale, developed by Kolcaba (Kolcaba, 1994), was first adapted into Turkish in 2008 by Kuğuoğlu and Karabacak, who also conducted a Turkish validity and reliability study on the scale (Kuğuoğlu and Karabacak, 2008). Based on the Turkish version of the GCS, Karakaplan and Yıldız (Karakaplan and Yıldız, 2010) developed the PPCQ. The PPCQ is a 5-point questionnaire with 34 items. Participants give items between 1 (strongly agree) and 5 points (strongly disagree). The lowest score possible is 34, and the highest score is 170, with higher scores indicating higher comfort levels. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant women
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| AYCA SOLT KIRCA, Phd | Kırklareli University | Principal Investigator |
| DERYA KANZA GÜL, Md, Phd | Medipol University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medipol University | Istanbul | 34180 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D048949 | Labor Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019050 | Acupressure |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064746 | Therapy, Soft Tissue |
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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The randomized controlled trial
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| Shower | Other | During uterine contractions, these participants took a shower while standing, with a researcher on hand to assist her (average time: 20 minutes). The water's temperature was between 22°C and 26°C. |
|
| 2 hours after birth |
| Evalution labour pain | VASP was evaluated before and after acupressure and shower applications. | Evaluation was done until delivery (on average between 8-12 hours) |
| Evalution postpartum comfort | Postpartum Comfort levels were evaluated in the postpartum period. | 2 hours after birth |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |