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A longitudinal observational cohort study to investigate the value of prognostic factors, here sensory profiles , and others, in the development of central sensitization in the low back pain population. A type 2 prognostic factor research following the PROGRESS framework. Sensory profiles are identified a prognostic factors which can predict the development of central sensitization in the low back pain population.
After performing an univariable linear regression analyses the regression model predicts the dependent variable, central sensitization, significantly, and the models are significant prediction factors of the development of central sensitization. In unadjusted analyses, all four sensory profiles were significantly associated with the development of central sensitization (P<0.001).
After adjusting for pain, disability, age, and duration of low back pain, baseline sensory profiles remained significant predictors of central sensitization. On the other hand, all other predictor variables did not contribute to the prediction of central sensitization.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| acute non-specific low back pain | patients with acute low back pain of (< 6 weeks) were consecutively included with or without radiating pain, aged 18 to 60 years with a pain-free episode for at least 3 months before the onset of their current back pain. They were also required to be able to read and understand the Dutch language. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In line with the Dutch guideline for non-specific low back pain, Standard usual care for non-specific low back pain was applied. | Other | In line with the Dutch guideline for non-specific low back pain, Standard usual care or non-specific low back pain was applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Central Sensitization Inventory score | The validated questionnaire Central Sensitization Inventory which scores on a 5 point scale ranging from 0-100. A higher score indicated a higher degree of central sensitization. | 12 weeks |
| Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile score | Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile measures 4 sensory profiles (sensation avoiding, sensation sensitive, sensation seeking, low registration) on ad 5 point scale, and is validated in the low back pain population. Scores range from 15-60 points per variable. A higher score means a higher degree of sensitivity for the specific sensory profile. | 0 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale score | Numeric Pain Rating Scale measures experienced level of pain, which consist of one question ranging van 0 (no pain)-10 (most extreme pain imaginable). | Baseline (0 weeks) |
| Pain Disability Index score |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Participants were recruited primary care physiotherapy practices randomly spread throughout the Netherlands. Participants with acute low back pain were consecutively included by physiotherapists.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aldo Scafoglieri, PhD | VUB | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vrije universiteit Brussel | Brussels | Belgium |
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patients with acute low back pain (< 6 weeks) were consecutively included with or without radiating pain, aged 18 to 60 years with a pain-free episode for at least 3 months before the onset of their current back pain. They were also required to be able to read and understand the Dutch language.
|
The Pain Disability Index evaluates the effect on seven life-related domains. Each domain is measured by 1 question, with a total of 7 questions, on an 11 point scale, from 0 (no disability) to 10 (completely disabled). Previously established reliability and internal consistency are acceptable in patients with chronic pain.
| Baseline (0 weeks) |
| age | The included age (years) ranged from 18-60 score. A higher age indicates a worse prognoses of low back pain. | Baseline (0 weeks) |
| duration of low back pain | Duration of low back pain was assessed in weeks. The included duration of low back pain ranged from 0-6 weeks. A longer duration is not better or worse. | Baseline (0 weeks) |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| D000098653 | Nociplastic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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