Number of participants categorized by demographic characteristics including - health insurance coverage (yes, no), employment status (full time, part-time, housewife, not working, other, retired, self-employment), cigarette smoking status (current smoker, ex-smoker, non-smoker, unknown) and alcohol consumption (current, former, never, unknown) has been presented.

"All Subjects Enrolled (ASE) Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The active clinical manifestations included pedal edema, serositis, hair loss, decreased urine output, malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitive rash, joint pain/arthritis, hypertension, oral ulcer, seizure, psychosis, proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, leukopenia, other (autoimmune hepatitis, raised Serum creatinine with estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 59 milliliters per minute [ml/min]/1.73 meter square [m^2]). Participants may have more than 1 active clinical manifestations of Lupus Nephritis.

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field. 'Number Analyzed' signifies participants evaluable for the specified category.

Participants with comorbidities (such as antiphospholipid syndrome/thrombotic microangiopathy, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) observed since the date of first diagnosis of lupus nephritis has been presented.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Severe lupus nephritis was defined as participants with Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score greater than or equal to (>=) 10. SLEDAI-2K score was the sum of all 24 individual items from the SLEDAI-2K. The total score ranges from 0 (no disease activity) to 105 (all 24 descriptors present simultaneously). A higher score indicates a more significant degree of disease activity.

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field. Participants with at least one SLEDAI-2K score assessment were included in this analysis.

Number of participants categorized by treatments for lupus nephritis including prednisone, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, belimumab, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, voclosporin, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, and rituximab has been presented. Participants may have received more than 1 treatment for lupus nephritis.

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field. 'Number Analyzed' signifies participants evaluable for the specified category.

The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a 36-item Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire covering 8 health domains: physical functioning, Pain, Role limitations due to physical health, Role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, Social Functioning, energy/fatigue, and General Health. The individual question items are first summed for each item under the various sections. Then, those domain scores were weighted to a scale ranging between 0 to 100, where higher score represents better health. Individual domain scores have been presented.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Refractory systemic lupus nephritis was defined as inefficacy of cyclophosphamide, use of rituximab, splenectomy, or inefficacy of >=2 immunosuppressives (methotrexate, leflunomide, abatacept, anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF], azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and/or mycophenolic acid).

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field.

Number of participants with abnormal findings for serological markers (including anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid [dsDNA] antibody and complement levels [C3, C4]) has been presented. Abnormal values were determined by the investigator.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Renal remission was defined as proteinuria of <0.7 grams per day (g/d) or <0.5g/d or at physicians' discretion. Number of participants with renal remission that were associated with clinical factors, biomarkers, and treatments has been presented.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a 36-item HRQoL questionnaire covering 8 health domains: physical functioning, pain, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general Health. The individual question items are first summed for each item under the various sections. Then, those domain scores were weighted to a scale ranging between 0 to 100, where higher score represents better health. Baseline was considered as Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from the post-dose visit value (at 12 months). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by dividing change from Baseline value by Baseline value and multiplying it by 100. Percent change from Baseline values of individual domain scores have been presented.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Number of participants with hospitalizations and ICU hospitalizations has been presented.

"ASE Population" included all participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The direct medical costs of hospitalization and ICU hospitalization per participant associated with lupus nephritis management in United States dollars (USD) of United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman were analyzed. Costs are described in local currency of each country and converted in USD dollars using the average exchange rate for each local currency versus USD in 2023. Direct medical costs associated with lupus nephritis management have been reported as USD.

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field. 'Number Analyzed' signifies participants evaluable for the specified category.

Number of participants with treatments for lupus nephritis (Prednisone, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Azathioprine, Belimumab, Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine A, Voclosporin, Cyclophosphamide, Mycophenolate mofetil, Methotrexate, Rituximab) among physicians in the public and private sectors, respectively has been presented. Data has been presented per treatment received either in public sector or private sector up to 12 months. Participants may have received more than 1 treatment.

ASE Population. Only those participants who were analyzed (i.e., contributed to data reported in the table) for this outcome measure were included in the 'Overall Number of Participants Analyzed' field. 'Number Analyzed' signifies participants evaluable for the specified category.