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Effect of peak inspiratory pressure on the gastric insufflation is evaluated using ultrasonography during face mask ventilation in obese adults. Effect of facial mask holding techniques on the gastric insufflation is also evaluated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| C-E Mask ventilation under PIP 10 cmH2O | Experimental | Two-handed C-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O. |
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| C-E Mask ventilation under PIP 15 cmH2O | Experimental | Two-handed C-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O. |
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| C-E Mask ventilation under PIP 20 cmH2O | Experimental | Two-handed C-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O. |
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| V-E Mask ventilation under PIP 10 cmH2O | Experimental | Two-handed V-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O. |
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| V-E Mask ventilation under PIP 15 cmH2O |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ultrasound examination of air insufflation in the upper esophageal region and stomach | Diagnostic Test | Presence of air insufflation is assessed using ultrasound in the upper esophageal region and stomach during face mask ventilation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of gastric insufflation in the epigastric region | Under ultrasound, air signal is assessed in the epigastric region | During anesthesia induction |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional area of the antral cross-sectional area | During ultrasound examination, anterior-posterior diameter and cranio-caudal diameter of the antrum are measured. Cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum is calculated as follows; (AP × CC × π)/4 (AP=antero-posterior diameter and CC=cranio-caudal diameter). | During anesthesia induction |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Experimental |
Two-handed V-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O. |
|
| V-E Mask ventilation under PIP 20 cmH2O | Experimental | Two-handed V-E technique is performed during face mask ventilation using a mechanical ventilator with a peak inspiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O. |
|
| Presence of gastric insufflation in the upper esophageal region | Under ultrasound, air signal is assessed in the upper esophageal region. | During anesthesia induction |
| Expiratory tidal volume | Expiratory tidal volumes displayed on the monitor of the anesthesia machine are recorded. | During anesthesia induction |