Digital Technology in the Home of Elderly Patients With Multimorbidity

Introducing Technology in the Home of Elderly Patients With Multimorbidity, a Hybrid Effectiveness Implementation Study

In this study, the objective is to evaluate available technology designed to support self-care at home of elderly patients with multimorbidity. Of people who are 85 years or older, about 60% have two or more chronic diseases. The symptom burden is extensive, and periods of deterioration often lead to hospitalizations and early readmissions to hospital. A contributing factor for the high consumption of care is that many patients find it difficult to identify signs of deterioration and in time take appropriate action. Technology placed in patients' home are becoming common and have shown to increase quality of life and reduce the need for in-hospital care but few tools are used in regular care.

The investigators want to see which effect technologies placed at home has on; healthcare consumption, self-care, depression, well-being and activity level. Further, the implementation process from both patients, relatives and healthcare personals perspective will be studied using a hybrid design, which makes it possible to study both barriers and facilitators of the implementation and efficacy of the technology.

In phase one participants will be recruited from a care team where an established collaboration between region and municipality has been developed. In phase two, inclusion takes place in an entire municipality without a previously established collaboration. The goal is to increase patients and family members wellbeing, health and functional ability while maintaining or reducing healthcare costs.

PURPOSE AND AIMS In this study, the objective is to evaluate available digital technology with remote symptom monitoring designed to support self-care at home of elderly patients with multimorbidity. There are a lot of technology with the possibility to remotely monitor signs and symptoms placed in patients' home available. This technology have been shown to increase quality of life, experiences of security and reduce the need for in-hospital care, but few tools are implemented in routine care of elderly with multimorbidity and extensive needs of coordinated health and community care. Limited collaboration and lack of joint care goals between the different care providers are known barriers of implementation of digital technology with remote symptom monitoring.

The overall aims of the project are:

1. To describe the implementation process of digital technology in two different care settings from both patients, family members, and healthcare professional's perspective.
2. To evaluate the feasibility of digital technology for remote symptom monitoring and digital consultations with the caregiver in the home of elderly patients with multimorbidity.
3. To examine the effectiveness of the technology.

Specific research questions the study is set to answer:

1. What effects does the use of digital technology for remote symptom monitoring have on elderly patients with multimorbidity's healthcare consumption, self-care management, depression, experience of control over the disease, well-being and activity level?
2. How do patients and informal caregivers perceive that the use of digital technology at home affects the ability to manage the patient's health situation?
3. How do physicians, nurses and assistant nurses experience the use of remote monitoring in their daily work?
4. Which are the barriers to and facilitators for implementation of digital technology?
5. Does digital technology reduce the risk of hospitalisation and healthcare costs in elderly patients with multimorbidity?

The study has a hybrid design, which means a double focus: both the implementation process and the clinical outcomes are studied simultaneously through a mixed data collection with both quantitative and qualitative parts. The implementation process will be based on The Quality Implementation Framework.

Phase 1; During winter 2021-22 the implementation process of digital technology with remote symptom monitoring with adaptation and preparation in the care team will begin. The team needs to develop a structure for handling the incoming patient data and develop action plans on how to act in case of symptoms and signs of deterioration.

The technology, OPTILOGG PLUS, will be place in patients' home.It consists of a tablet with personalized sensors, such as weighing scale, blood pressure, oxygenation and activity meters based on the patient's individual needs. The technology also includes a platform for digital consultation.

The patient performs measurements at home every morning and sends data to the receiving station installed in the care teams' premises where the staff access the patient's data via secure login.The main purpose of the technology is to enhance the patients' self-care behaviour, and coach them to contact the healthcare provider if and when self-care is not enough to prevent deterioration. Also the caregiver can initiate a virtual home visit or a physical home visit if they observe signs of deterioration not recognised by the patient.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients admitted in the care team and their family members who will have digital technology placed in their home will be asked to participate.
• All healthcare personal in the care team will be asked to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

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