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We developed a new test, the "hug-up test," wherein elevation is resisted as the palm is held on the opposite shoulder with the elbow held in maximal anterior translation. The purpose of this study was to describe the hug-up test and compare it with other conventional tests used for diagnosing supraspinatus tears.
The supraspinatus tendon is the most commonly affected tendon in rotator cuff tears. Early detection of a supraspinatus tear using an accurate physical examination is, therefore, important. However, the currently used physical tests for detecting supraspinatus tears are poor diagnostic indicators and involve a wide range of sensitivity and specificity values. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a new physical test for the diagnosis of supraspinatus tears and evaluate its accuracy in comparison with conventional tests.
Between November 2012 and January 2014, 200 consecutive patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy were prospectively evaluated preoperatively. The hug-up test, empty can (EC) test, full can (FC) test, Neer impingement sign, and Hawkins-Kennedy impingement sign were used and compared statistically for their accuracy in terms of supraspinatus tears, with arthroscopic findings as the gold standard. Muscle strength was precisely quantified using an electronic digital tensiometer.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | patients suffering form shoulder pain and/or weakness or dislication |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The hug-up test | Diagnostic Test | It is a new physical test used to detect supraspinatus tear |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| patients' self-reported pain | Pain experienced during the Neer impingement and Hawkins-Kennedy impingement tests and weakness during the EC test and the FC test were considered positive results. | immediately after the test |
| diagnostic arthroscopy | The arthroscopic operation involved complete inspection of the supraspinatus. Supraspinatus tears were categorized as fullthickness tears (FTTs), which were classified as small (≤1 cm), moderate (≤3 cm), large (≤5 cm), and massive (>5 cm), on the basis of the largest dimension, and partial-thickness tears (PTTs), which were classified as bursal-sided, articular-sided,and intra-tendinous. Other combined diseases including acromioclavicular joint derangement, infraspinatus lesions, subscapularis lesions, superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions, biceps disorders, and Bankart lesions were recorded as well to assess the specificity of the tests.the supraspinatus. Supraspinatus tears were categorized as fullthickness tears (FTTs), which were classified as small (≤1 cm), moderate (≤3 cm), large (≤5 cm), and massive (>5 cm), on the basis of the largest dimension, and partial-thickness tears (PTTs), which were classified as bursal-sided, articular-sided, | during the arthrosocpic procedure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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200 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo an arthroscopic procedure for a diagnosis related to shoulder pain and/or weakness or dislocation by one of the senior authors.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yulei Liu | Peking University Third Hospital | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peking University Third Hospital | Beijing | Beijing Municipality | 100191 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070636 | Rotator Cuff Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012421 | Rupture |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D000070599 | Shoulder Injuries |
| D013708 | Tendon Injuries |
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| EC test |
| Diagnostic Test |
It is a traditional physical test used to detect supraspinatus tear |
|
| FC test | Diagnostic Test | It is a traditional physical test used to detect supraspinatus tear |
|
| Neer impingement sign | Diagnostic Test | It is a traditional physical test used to detect supraspinatus tear |
|
| Hawkins-Kennedy impingement sign | Diagnostic Test | It is a traditional physical test used to detect supraspinatus tear |
|
| diagnostic arthroscopy | Diagnostic Test | The arthroscopic operation involved complete inspection of the supraspinatus. Supraspinatus tears were categorized as fullthickness tears (FTTs), which were classified as small (≤1 cm), moderate (≤3 cm), large (≤5 cm), and massive (>5 cm), on the basis of the largest dimension, and partial-thickness tears (PTTs), which were classified as bursal-sided, articular-sided,and intra-tendinous. Other combined diseases including acromioclavicular joint derangement, infraspinatus lesions, subscapularis lesions, superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions, biceps disorders, and Bankart lesions were recorded as well to assess the specificity of the tests. |
|