To evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic and open Chinese Unique Inlay Bristow procedure in treating recurrent anterior shoulder instability.

Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint is a common disorder of the shoulder joint. Patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder severely affect movement and quality of life, and severe cases can lead to severe dysfunction of the shoulder joint. Nowadays, arthroscopic Bankart surgery is routinely used to treat such patients. However, the recurrence rate of shoulder dislocation with conventional arthroscopic Bankart repair is high in professional athletes with very high levels of athleticism and in complex patients with large glenoid bone defects. For this population, coracoid transfer surgery (Bristow-Latarjet procedure) is currently considered to have better efficacy.

The Latarjet procedure is now relatively well established internationally; however, this technique has a large osteotomy block and uses two hollow screws to fix the bone block. This is very traumatic and cannot be used in patients with small coracoid, and there is a high incidence of postoperative bone resorption of the bone block, and in the event of severe bone resorption, the screws left behind are more damaging to the subscapularis tendon. In contrast, the Bristow procedure is relatively less invasive, but the early healing rate of the grafted bone block is lower than that of the Latarjet procedure. In response to this problem, the group improved the Bristow procedure in a previous clinical study by using an embedded technique to fix the bone block, which is the first of its kind in the world, and the investigators named it the Chinese Unique Inlay Bristow (Cuistow) procedure. The description and clinical results of this procedure have been accepted by the American Journal of Sports Medicine, and the technique is now a routine procedure in our department.

There is still some debate as to whether the classical coracoid procedure should be performed arthroscopically or open. Open surgery is more traumatic, but relatively easy to perform, with a shorter operative time and a shorter learning curve to master the technique; arthroscopic surgery is less traumatic, with faster recovery, but relatively more expensive and requires higher surgical skills. Some studies have concluded that there is no significant difference between the two in terms of long-term postoperative outcomes and complications. In our previous study, the investigators found that the use of our first " Mortise and Tenon structure " bone displacement fixation resulted in better early postoperative stability and higher postoperative bone healing rates than the traditional coracoid transfer procedure. However, it is unknown whether there is a difference in clinical outcomes and postoperative bone healing rates using open surgery compared to arthroscopic surgery.

In this study, a prospective observational study was conducted in which the advantages and disadvantages of arthroscopic and open surgery for Cuistow procedure were explained to the patient before surgery, and then the patient chose one of the surgical approaches according to his or her own wishes. The functional recovery and bone resorption of the two groups were compared, and the two surgical approaches were evaluated to determine whether there were significant differences in postoperative bone healing rates and clinical outcomes between the two surgical approaches.

In conclusion, the aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the two surgical approaches through a comparative study. The investigators wish to provide a complete systematic solution for the treatment of difficult and complex recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations, and to provide an effective remedy for cases of recurrence after Bankart surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. a glenoid defect ≥10%
2. contact sport athletes with a glenoid defect < 10%
3. failure after Bankart repair.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. epilepsy
2. multidirectional shoulder instability
3. concomitant other lesions including rotator cuff tear, symptomatic acromioclavicular joint pathology or pathological involvement of the long head of the biceps