Two tablets of 40 mg will be taken orally once a day (QD)

Five tablets of 40 mg will be taken orally once a day (QD)

The Major Molecular Response (MMR) rate at Week 48 for patients with MMR at baseline refers to the percentage of patients who maintain or achieve MMR after 48 weeks of treatment. MMR itself is defined as achieving a BCR::ABL1 ratio of ≤ 0.1%.

Time to MMR defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first documented MMR. MMR itself is defined as achieving a BCR::ABL1 ratio of ≤ 0.1%.

The rate of BCR::ABL1 ≤ 10% refers to the percentage of patients who achieve a BCR::ABL1 level of 10% or lower within the first 48 weeks of treatment.

The rate of BCR::ABL1 ≤ 1% refers to the percentage of patients who achieve a BCR::ABL1 level of 1% or lower within the first 48 weeks of treatment.

Deep molecular responses (MR4) is defined as a ≥ 4 log reduction in BCR::ABL1 transcripts compared to the standardized baseline, equivalent to 0.01% BCR::ABL1/ABL1 by the international scale (IS).

Deep molecular responses (MR4.5) is defined as a ≥ 4.5 log reduction in BCR::ABL1 transcripts compared to the standardized baseline, equivalent to 0.0032% BCR::ABL1/ABL1 by the international scale (IS).

Cytogenetic Response is assessed based on the percentage of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) metaphases in the bone marrow, with a review of at least 20 metaphases required.

Complete Cytogenetic Response (CCyR) is defined as 0% Ph+ metaphases in the bone marrow.

High-risk additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) are specific chromosomal abnormalities that are considered to increase the risk in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) cells.

The cumulative molecular response rate refers to the proportion of subjects achieving a BCR::ABL1 level of ≤ 10% on the international scale (IS) over a specified period.

The cumulative molecular response rate refers to the proportion of subjects achieving a BCR::ABL1 level of ≤ 1% on the international scale (IS) over a specified period.

The cumulative molecular response rate refers to the proportion of subjects achieving MMR, defined as a BCR::ABL1 ratio of ≤ 0.1% on the international scale (IS), over a specified period.

The cumulative molecular response rate refers to the proportion of subjects achieving MR4, defined as a ≥ 4 log reduction in BCR::ABL1 transcripts compared to the standardized baseline, equivalent to 0.01% BCR::ABL1/ABL1 by the international scale (IS), over a specified period.

The cumulative molecular response rate refers to the proportion of subjects achieving MR4.5, defined as a ≥ 4.5 log reduction in BCR::ABL1 transcripts compared to the standardized baseline, equivalent to 0.0032% BCR::ABL1/ABL1 by the international scale (IS), over a specified period.

Duration of MMR is defined as the time from the date of first documented MMR to the earliest date of loss of MMR, progression to accelerated phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC), or CML-related death. The duration of MMR is analyzed for the subjects in FAS who achieved MMR at any time.

Duration of MR4 without loss of MMR refers to the period during which a patient maintains a deep molecular response (MR4) without experiencing a loss of Major Molecular Response (MMR).

Progression-Free Survival (PFS) is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest occurrence of documented disease progression to AP/BC or the date of death from any cause, assessed up to approximately 144 weeks. The time will be censored at the date of last study assessment (PCR, cytogenetic, hematologic or extramedullary) or last post-treatment follow-up for subjects without event. PFS (in months) is calculated as: (date of disease progression/death or censoring date - date of randomization +1)/30.4375.

Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the time from treatment assignment to death due to any cause during study, assessed up to 144 weeks. Subjects who are alive at the time of the analysis data cutoff date will be censored at the date of last contact before the cut-off date. OS (in months) is calculated as: (date of death or censoring date - date of randomization + 1)/30.4375.

Time from treatment assignment to treatment failure is defined as BCR-ABL1>10%, assessed up to 144 weeks. For subjects who have not reached treatment failure, their TTFs will be censored at the time of last study assessment (PCR, cytogenetic, hematologic or extramedullary) before the cut-off date. TTF (in months) is calculated as: (date of treatment failure or censoring date - date of randomization + 1)/30.4375.

The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (MDASI-CML) is a 26 item self-administered questionnaire for adult CML patients. Twenty of the items measure the severity of disease-related symptoms (symptom burden) and are scored from 0 (not present) to 10 (as bad as you can imagine) and 6 items that measure symptom interference with daily life (interference) scored from 0 (did not interfere) to 10 (interfered completely). For symptom burden, total scores range from 0 to 200 and for interference range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicates high impact on severity of chronic myeloid leukemia-related symptoms and on impact of these symptoms on daily functioning for the patient.

Asciminib 80 mg q.d. - Subjects without MMR at baseline: Participants will be treated with 80 mg of ABL001 (80mg QD). In patients not achieving MMR at 48 weeks or losing the response after the week 48 assessment up to week 108, asciminib dose may be escalated to 200 mg q.d. if in the investigator's opinion the patient may benefit from the escalation.

Asciminib 40 mg b.i.d. - Subjects with MMR at baseline: Participants will be treated with 80 mg of ABL001 (40 mg BID). In patients not achieving MMR at 48 weeks or losing the response after the week 48 assessment up to week 108, asciminib dose may be escalated to 200 mg q.d. if in the investigator's opinion the patient may benefit from the escalation.

Asciminib 80 mg q.d. - Subjects with MMR at baseline: Participants will be treated with 80 mg of ABL001 (80mg QD). In patients not achieving MMR at 48 weeks or losing the response after the week 48 assessment up to week 108, asciminib dose may be escalated to 200 mg q.d. if in the investigator's opinion the patient may benefit from the escalation.

All subjects to whom study treatment has been assigned by randomization except the additional subjects who were intolerant to the last TKI and were in MMR at baseline.

Only the additional subjects who were intolerant to the last TKI and were in MMR at baseline and to whom study treatment has been assigned by randomization.

All subjects who received at least one dose of study treatment except the additional subjects who were intolerant to the last TKI and were in MMR at baseline.

Only the additional subjects who were intolerant to the last TKI and achieved were in MMR at baseline and who received at least one dose of study treatment.