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The purpose of this research is to assess the effects osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of fascial strain patterns on body awareness, proprioception, and mood.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| No OMT | No Intervention | The STAI (Y2), DASS and Scale of Body Connection administered to this cohort at baseline (T1), after two treatments (T3), and after four treatments (T4). | |
| OMT | Active Comparator | OMT: direct myofascial release for the triplanar diagnonosis to the OA, thoracic outlet, respiratory diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm concluding with a pedal pump for 120 seconds. The STAI (Y2), DASS and Scale of Body Connection administered to this cohort at baseline (T1), after two treatments (T3), and after four treatments (T4). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMT | Other | OMT: direct myofascial release for the triplanar diagnonosis to the OA, thoracic outlet, respiratory diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm concluding with a pedal pump for 120 seconds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proprioception: Active Hip Flexion Position Detection. | Measurements use a goniometer. Measurements are in degrees. Participant judges accuracy of position on a scale of 1-5: 1= very inaccurate, 2= somewhat inaccurate, 3=neutral, 4= somewhat accurate, 5= very accurate. | 4 weeks |
| Proprioception: Active Shoulder Joint Position Detection. | Measurements use a goniometer. Measurements are in degrees. Participant judges accuracy of position on a scale of 1-5: 1= very inaccurate, 2= somewhat inaccurate, 3=neutral, 4= somewhat accurate, 5= very accurate. | 4 weeks |
| Proprioception: Active Thoracolumbar Position Detection. | Measurements use a goniometer. Measurements are in degrees. Participant judges accuracy of position on a scale of 1-5: 1= very inaccurate, 2= somewhat inaccurate, 3=neutral, 4= somewhat accurate, 5= very accurate. | 4 weeks |
| Body Awareness: Scale of Body Connection | A higher score represents better outcomes with increased body awareness. Minimum score: 0. Maximum for whole scale: 4. Scores are based on 12 items for body awareness (BA) and 8 items for body dissociation (BD). The items are scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0-4 with 0 at "not at all" and 4 at "all of the time." To score the BA subscale: sum the endorsed items and divide by the total number of items (12). To score the DB subscale: sum the endorsed items and divide by the total number of items (8). A positive change on the BA scale would represent an increase in bodily awareness, and a positive result. A negative change on the DB scale would represent a decrease in bodily dissociation, and a positive result. | 4 weeks |
| Mood: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. | Increasing scores are associated with depression, anxiety, or stress. Items are scored within three subscales: depression, anxiety and stress. For individual subscales the scoring is as follows. Depression: normal (0-9), mild (10-13), moderate (14-20), severe (21-27), extremely severe (28+). Anxiety: normal (0-7), mild (8-9), moderate (10-14), severe (15-19), extremely severe (20+). Stress: normal (0-14), mild (15-18), moderate (19-25), severe (26-33), extremely severe (34+). Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 126 for the entire scale. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Amy Suessle, DO | New York Institute of Technology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University | Jonesboro | Arkansas | 72467 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Trevithick A, Park SY. A Novel Method for Assessment of Proprioception. Journal of Emerging Investigators. 2018. https://www.emerginginvestigators.org/articles/a-novel-method-for-assessment-of-proprioception/pdf. Published June 22, 2018. Accessed January 7, 2021. | ||
| 18047441 | Background | Price CJ, Thompson EA. Measuring dimensions of body connection: body awareness and bodily dissociation. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Nov;13(9):945-53. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0537. | |
| Background | Kosmahl EM. Goniometry: Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Sidebending. The University of Scranton. https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/spine/pages/thor-side.shtml. Accessed February 1, 2021. | ||
| Background | Seffinger MA, executive ed. Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine: Philosophy, Science, Clinical Applications, and Research. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2018. |
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| 4 weeks |
| Mood: State Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y-2. | A higher score is associated with increased anxiety trait. The minimum score is 20. The maximum score is 80. The range for no or little anxiety is 20-37. Moderate anxiety scores are from 38-44. High anxiety range is from 45-80. | 4 weeks |
| Background | Chila AG, executive ed. Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. |
| Background | Beatty DR. The Pocket Manual of OMT. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins/Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.; 2011. |
| Background | Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 2nd edition. 1995. Sydney: Psychology Foundation. http://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass/Download%20files/Dass42.pdf. Updated July 26, 2018. Accessed January 23, 2021. |
| Background | Measurement of Range of Motion of the Hip. Musculoskeletal Key. https://musculoskeletalkey.com/measurement-of-range-of-motion-of-the-hip/. Published August 10, 2016. Accessed February 1, 2021. |
| Background | Nicholas AS; Nicholas EA. In: Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. |
| Background | Speilberger CD. State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults. Mind Garden, Inc. www.mindgarden.com. 1977. Accessed December 31, 2020. |
| 21589740 | Background | van der Wal J. The architecture of the connective tissue in the musculoskeletal system-an often overlooked functional parameter as to proprioception in the locomotor apparatus. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2009 Dec 7;2(4):9-23. doi: 10.3822/ijtmb.v2i4.62. |
| 40678989 | Derived | Levy EC, Jung MK. Effects of a myofascial and lymphatic osteopathic manipulative treatment protocol on mood and body connection: a randomized pilot study. J Osteopath Med. 2025 Jul 21;126(1):37-46. doi: 10.1515/jom-2024-0196. eCollection 2026 Jan 1. |