(1) Objective to establish an evaluation system for predicting the risk of epistaxis after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery（ 2) Objective to determine the risk factors of epistaxis after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. Referring to domestic and foreign literature, combined with experts' opinions, the related risk factors that may cause postoperative nosebleed of pituitary adenoma are: 22 patients and surgical factors. 3) Objective to establish a risk prediction model of epistaxis after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection. According to the occurrence of epistaxis, the patients in the modeling group were divided into epistaxis group and non epistaxis group. The risk factors of epistaxis were taken as the independent variable, and the occurrence of epistaxis was taken as the dependent variable. The variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, and the risk prediction model of epistaxis after pituitary tumor resection was established by back LR method.(4) Objective to verify the risk prediction model of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma epistaxis. The validation model is used to validate the prediction model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow degree is used to match the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the validity of the model.(5) Application of risk prediction model.

Inclusion Criteria:

Those who met the diagnostic criteria of pituitary tumor and received transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery during hospitalization; Patients with informed consent; Age ≥ 14 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

quitters; patients with incomplete clinical data;

Patients after transnasal sphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor