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First responders (law enforcement, firefighters, and emergency medical system personnel) are subjected to daily pressures from their duties with resultant compassion fatigue, burnout, anger, poor mental and physical health, maladaptive behavior, and sleep disturbance. The unprecedented heroin and opioid epidemic in West Virginia has accelerated the stresses as these first responders witness overdoses and overdose death on a frequent basis. The plight and suffering of children of the overdose victims is an additional overlooked element in the stress on the first responder community. The proposed project will deliver mindfulness-based resilience training to improve the mental and physical wellbeing, prevent compassion fatigue, burnout, and attrition of first responders and performance improvement by reducing predictable cognitive errors in the Charleston and Huntington areas and measure the effects of this training on this population using validated questionnaires and salivary cortisol before and after the training.
West Virginia (WV) is in the midst of an unprecedented opioid and heroin epidemic with profound social, health, and economic consequences. This stress, especially among law enforcement officials (LEOs), is often experienced within a context of excessive anger, which decreases wellbeing and has the potential to negatively impact public wellbeing as well. These public safety personnel are often left to manage stress and anger in a cultural context that does not support help-seeking behavior and that encourages maladaptive coping mechanisms. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training (MBRT) has demonstrated significant improvement in self-reported mindfulness, resilience, perceived operational and administrative stress, burnout, emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, mental and physical health, anger, fatigue, and sleep disturbance Introducing effective evidence-based training to first responders has the potential to improve well-being and decrease burnout and improve the performance of the people who protect the community. Should this hypotheses be confirmed, first responders in West Virginia will have an effective intervention to improve resilience, address perceived stress and burnout, and lead to greater mental and physical wellbeing in the face of unprecedented stresses associated with the opioid and heroin epidemic. This would enable this intervention to be scaled across the state among other populations of first responders in this unprecedented public health crisis.
First responders will be recruited from volunteers targeting leadership and thought leaders at the frontline from the three-county area, but primarily from the cities of Charleston and Huntington, to participate in one of two 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions. Each 2.5-day session will be coordinated with each agency to ensure maximum participation without disrupting work schedules. Up to 35 participants will participate in each cohort. This study aims to recruit 2 cohorts from the pool of first responders in the Cabell, Kanawha, and Putnam Counties area for a minimum of 50 participants and maximum of 70 participants. Self report measures will be conducted at time 0 (before the intervention), time 1 (after the 2.5-day intensive training), time 2 (4 weeks after the 2.5-day intensive training and after the week 4 remote/virtual booster training) and at time 3 (90 days after the initial intensive training).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training | Experimental | Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training | Behavioral | 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | Baseline |
| Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | Immediately following intervention |
| Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | 30 days post intervention |
| Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | 90 days post intervention |
| Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Keith Zullig, PhD | West Virginia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kanawha-Charleston Health Department | Charleston | West Virginia | 25301 | United States | ||
| Saint John XXIII Pastoral Center |
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No subjects were excluded before assignment. Subjects lost 2 follow up were lost at varying times throughout the 2.5 day period. Mostly due to not showing up for the 2nd and 3rd dates.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training | Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training | Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
|
90 days
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training | Designed to train participants in a number of experiential exercises evoking qualities of mindfulness: mental focus, sustained attention and personal and situational awareness. These exercises include versions of the body scan (body awareness exercise), sitting meditation, mindful movement, walking meditation, eating meditation, mindful martial arts exercises and other elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training: 2.5-day intensive MBRT training sessions. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keith Zullig, PhD | West Virginia University | 304-293-1091 | kzullig@hsc.wvu.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jun 6, 2018 | Jul 19, 2021 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000068376 | Compassion Fatigue |
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005222 | Mental Fatigue |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Baseline |
| Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | Immediately following intervention |
| Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | 30 days post intervention |
| Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | 90 days post intervention |
| Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Baseline |
| Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Immediately following intervention |
| Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 30 days post intervention |
| Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 90 days post intervention |
| Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Baseline |
| Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Immediately following intervention |
| Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 30 days post intervention |
| Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 90 days post intervention |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | Baseline |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | Immediately following intervention |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | 30 days post intervention |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | 90 days post intervention |
| Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | Baseline |
| Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | Immediately following intervention |
| Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | 30 days post intervention |
| Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | 90 days post intervention |
| Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | Baseline |
| Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | Immediately following intervention |
| Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | 30 day post intervention |
| Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | 90 days |
| Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | Baseline |
| Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | Immediately following intervention |
| Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | 30 days post intervention |
| Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | 90 days post intervention |
| General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | Baseline |
| General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | Immediately following intervention |
| General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | 30 days post intervention |
| General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | 90 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Baseline |
| PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Immediately following intervention |
| PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 30 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 90 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Baseline |
| PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Immediately following intervention |
| PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 30 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 90 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Baseline |
| PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Immediately following intervention |
| PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 30 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 90 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Baseline |
| PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Immediately following intervention |
| PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 30 days post intervention |
| PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 90 days post intervention |
| Charleston |
| West Virginia |
| 25314 |
| United States |
| Marshall University | Huntington | West Virginia | 25755 | United States |
| West Virginia University | Morgantown | West Virginia | 26508 | United States |
| Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Primary | Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | 10 subjects lost to follow up from baseline | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). It examines 5 key domains of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating greater tendency to be mindful. | 12 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | 10 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) | The Mindfulness Process Questionnaire (MPQ) is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which mindfulness is intentionally practiced or attempted and the ability to bring compassionate awareness to the present moment after observing the attention has drifted off or become judgmental. Items are scored on a Likert type scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "entirely characteristic of me," and total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater engagement in mindfulness practices and skills. | 12 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 10 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (organizational [OPSQ]) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 12 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 10 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Operational Police Stress Questionnaire | The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) (Operational) is a 40-item questionnaire consisting of 2 subscales measuring operational stressors (20 job content items) and organizational stressors (20 job context items) on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (no stress at all) to 7 (a lot of stress) and resulting in a maximum score of 140; higher scores indicate greater stress. | 12 subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS) is a 4-item scale used to assess perceived stress in life situations. Responses are on a Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "very often;" higher scores indicate greater perceived stress, with a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 16. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Regulation | The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation. Items range from 1 ("almost never") to 5 ("almost always), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 day post intervention |
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| Primary | Emotional Intelligence Scale | The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) is a 33-item scale of emotional intelligence. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and 3 items are reverse scored, producing a score range from 33 to 165. All items are summed to create a total score, and higher scores indicate greater emotional intelligence. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days |
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| Primary | Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | Brief Resilience Scale | The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a 6-item scale designed to assess the ability to recover from stress using a Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 (strongly agree). Scores are summed, then divided by the total number of items, to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | General Family Functioning | The General Family Functioning Subscale (GFF) consists of 12 items. Respondents complete 12 items with a four-point response scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). A mean score is computed. Higher scores on the GFF indicate more problematic family functioning. The minimum score on the GFF is 12, and the maximum score is 48. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Sleep | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Sleep. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score range of 4-19) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Health | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Health. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (Score Range 0-40) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 7 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Fatigue | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Fatigue. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 4-20) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Baseline |
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| Primary | PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 7 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Immediately following intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 10 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 30 days post intervention |
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| Primary | PROMIS Anger | Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is comprised of Anger. Item is rated on a Likert type scale (score range 5-25) with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | 12 Subjects lost to follow up | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 90 days post intervention |
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| 0 |
| 30 |
| 0 |
| 30 |
| 0 |
| 30 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| D001526 |
| Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |