Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2) signaling is critical for human health.To figure out the clinical relevance of NOD2 ligands, the investigators plan to evaluate the change of NOD2 ligands in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), CRC, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2 ).

Previous studies have shown that NOD2 gene mutants were associated with the Crohn's disease (CD), colorectal cancer (CRC) and many other diseases, suggesting the critical role of NOD2 signaling in human physiology and pathogenethesis. However, whether decreased NOD2 ligands also contributed to these diseases is unknown. In this study, the investigators plan to evaluate the change of NOD2 ligands in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), CRC, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2 ). For each of the patient, a sex- and age- matched control were chosen. Both the targeted metabolomics (LC-MS-MS methods) and NOD2-transfected cells co-expressing NF-κB luciferase reporters were used to test NOD2 ligands in the fecal and plasma samples.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males or females at least 18-70 years old.
2. Patient able to give informed consent.
3. Patient with biopsy-proven CRC
4. Patient with biopsy-proven Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis(UC), in the active phase.
5. patients with clinical diagnosed DM2
6. patients with ACVD:coronary angiography more than 50% stenosis in single or multiple vessels.
7. The age- and sex- matched health controls for each patient.

Exclusion Criteria:

1.Use antibiotics or probiotics within the last 2 weeks.

All the patients with IBD, CRC, ACVD or DM2 hospitalized in Zhujiang hospital will be eligible to be enrolled. Also, their age- and sex- matched healthy controls making a physical examination in Zhujiang hospital will be eligible to be enrolled