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Horticultural therapy (HT) "is the engagement of a client in horticulture activities facilitated by a trained therapist to achieve specific and documented treatment goals" (American Horticultural Therapy Association, 2012). People's interactions with plants, through goal-orientated horticultural activities in the form of active gardening, as well as the passive appreciation of nature, could be therapeutic to people with mental or intellectual disabilities in many ways (Eling, 2006; Parkinson, Lowe, & Vecsey, 2011). This study aims to conduct evaluation studies of HT group programmes for care home residents with severe mental illness.
This is a randomized, single-blind, controlled study in which the outcomes of the horticultural therapy program is compared with a comparison group. Outcome measures were compared at Pre-intervention and post-intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Experimental | Participants joined a 8-session horticultural therapy group program (60 minutes per session) over 8 weeks. |
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| Comparison | Other | Participants joined 4 sessions of individual, parallel, and table-top activities of their own interest, e.g. reading, drawing, coloring. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horticultural therapy | Behavioral | A structured 8-session group therapy program, in which participants learn about plants, green spaces, plant-human interactions. During the program, the participants are guided by therapist to grow or take care of both indoor and outdoor plants, do small horticulture projects (like cooking, making drinks, herb projects). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mental Well-being | Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (C-SWEMWBS). The C-SWEMWBS uses a five-point Likert scale. The average scores for the scale ranges between 1 and 5, and a higher score indicates better mental well-being. | Pre-test, Postest (8 weeks from pre-test), Change from Pretest to Posttest is assessed |
| Change in Engagement in Meaningful Activity Scale (EMAS) | Engagement in Meaningful Activity Scale (EMAS). The EMAS has 12 items measured on a four-point Likert scale. The average score for the scale is 1- 4 and a higher score indicates higher engagement. | Pre-test, Postest (8 weeks from pre-test), Change from Pretest to Posttest is assessed |
| Change in Perceived Benefits of Horticultural Therapy | This is a opinion survey developed by the clinical setting to collect participants' attitude toward horticultural therapy. It has 7 items and participants are asked to respond using a five-point scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The average score ranges from 1 to 5, and a higher score indicates that the participant perceived the benefits of horticulture therapy as higher. | Pre-test, Postest (8 weeks from pre-test), Change from Pretest to Posttest is assessed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andrew MH Siu, PhD | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Wong Chuk Hang Complex | Wong Chuk Hang | Hong Kong |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D008607 | Intellectual Disability |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058611 | Horticultural Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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The outcome assessors have no knowledge of whether the participants are in the treatment of control groups. They distribute and collect questionnaires from participants, and gave observation rating on the participants in both group.
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| Comparison | Other | 4 session of semi-structured and free engagement in activities of their choice. The activities that they could choose are mostly table-top activities which are solitary in nature, and does not require social interaction. |
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| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |