Patients referred for physical therapy rehabilitation

Participants shall fill the EARS-Ar questionnaire three times within one month in addition to other questionnaires including the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) for low back pain (LBP) patients, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for knee OA patients, in addition to the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Global Rating of Change Scale (GRoC).

The first time will be one week after enrolling in the study and receiving the prescribed home exercise program. the second time will be 3-6 days later to test the reliability of the EARS-Ar. After another week, participants will refill the EARS-Ar and the GRoC to test responsiveness.

It will be considered present if more than 15% of the sample score the lowest or highest possible total score, respectively

Assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) with an acceptable value of at least 0.8.

Assessed by calculating the Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) between the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale-Arabic version (EARS-Ar) score and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and the Knee Injury and osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) measurement tools. The coefficient is classified as follows: ρ = 0.3-0.7 moderate correlation, and >0.7 strong correlation.

Assessed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha (α) and the corrected item-total correlation. A Cronbach's α value of ≥0.7, and a corrected item-total correlation, measured using the Pearson correlation coefficient, of ≥0.3 will be considered acceptable.

Assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the EARS-Ar scores of the first two test sessions. An ICC value of >0.8 and 0.6-0.8 will be considered as excellent and good correlation, respectively.

Participating patients will be categorized according to their reported Global Rating of Change (GRoC) scores (external anchor) to either improved (GRoC≥3) or stable group (GRoC<3 to >-3) and a between-group comparison will be performed using an unpaired t-test.